LATIN READINGS TRADITIO Traditional Roman Catholic Internet Site E-mail: traditio@traditio.com, Web Page: www.traditio.com Copyright 1999-2006 CSM. Reproduction prohibited without authorization. Last Updated: 06/06/06 A TIMELINE OF THE LATIN LANGUAGE 500 B.C. ARCHAIC PERIOD 400 300 200 OLD PERIOD: Plautus, Terence 100 CLASSICAL PERIOD, GOLDEN AGE: Julius Caesar, Cicero, Vergil, Horace 001 A.D. CLASSICAL PERIOD, SILVER AGE: Pliny, Seneca, Tacitus, Quintilian 100 200 PATRISTIC PERIOD: Itala Bible 300 Vulgate Bible, St. Jerome, St. Ambrose, St. Augustine, Ausonius 400 500 St. Gregory the Great, Isidore 600 CAROLINGIAN PERIOD: Venerable Bede, Alcuin 700 800 900 1000 MEDIAEVAL PERIOD: St. Anselm 1100 The Great Universities, Peter Abelard 1200 St. Albert the Great, St. Bonaventure, St. Thomas Aquinas 1300 Petrarch 1400 Piccolomino/Pope Pius II 1500 HUMANISTIC PERIOD: Erasmus, Luther, Calvin, St. Thomas More 1600 Decartes, Galileo, Hobbs 1700 1800 NATIONALISTIC PERIOD: Hungarian parliament, German universities 1900 MODERN PERIOD: "New" Vulgate, Catholic Church, science, periodicals ARCHAIC PERIOD (500-250 B.C.). The first monument of the Latin language, in the area of the old Roman Forum, is from about the sixth century B.C. Early verse, comic skits, rough prose. OLD PERIOD (250-80 B.C.). Sources are both in inscriptions and in literary texts modelled after Greek forms. Representative authors: Plautus, Terence. CLASSICAL PERIOD (80 B.C.-A.D. 14). THE "GOLDEN" AGE (80 B.C.-A.D. 14). Considered the peak of the Latin language. Disciplined, classic form and substance. Representative authors: Julius Caesar, Cicero, Vergil, Horace. THE "SILVER" AGE (A.D. 14-138) The century following the death of Augustus. Good writing, but characterized by some artificiality and striving for effects. Representative authors: Pliny the Younger, Seneca, Tacitus, Quintilian, Juvenal. PATRISTIC PERIOD (138-636). 2ND CENTURY: The Greek Bible was translated into Latin ("Itala"). Most of the Scripture texts in the Missal are mostly taken from it. 4TH CENTURY: St. Jerome translated the Hebrew and Greek Bibles in a new Latin translation ("Vulgate"). Gradually this became the only Latin version in use in the Western Church, officially declared as "authentic" by the Council of Trent. Latin spread throughout the whole Roman empire, especially the western provinces. The Latin Church Fathers wrote in a classical style mixed with the common Latin of the day ("Vulgate). 7TH CENTURY: As the eastern provinces came more and more under the sway of the Byzantine empire, and the Arabs took control of western Africa, Latin flourished primarily in Europe, as far as Ireland and Scotland. The Romance languages began to develop, and Latin was ending as a native language. Representative authors: St. Jerome, St. Ambrose, St. Augustine, Ausonius, Pope St. Gregory the Great, Isidore. THE CAROLINGIAN AND MEDIAEVAL PERIODS (636-1492). The educated used a classical Latin influenced by the Latin of St. Jerome's Vulgate Bible, as a living, international language of the Church and the intellectual world. Latin was also the language of the great universities founded in the 12th-14th centuries. The humanists of the Renaissance sought to restore the purity of Latin by taking as their example the Latin of the Classical Golden Age. Representative authors: St. Anselm, Peter Abelard, St. Albert the Great, St. Bonaventure, and St. Thomas Aquinas, Dante, Petrarch, Piccolomino/Pope Pius II. THE HUMANISTIC PERIOD (1492-1799). Latin continued in use by the educated for theology, philosophy, education, geography, history, medicine, physics, and mathematics, although more and more national languages were used for these. Representative authors: Erasmus, Martin Luther, Calvin, Decartes, Galileo, Hobbs, St. Thomas More. THE NATIONALISTIC PERIOD (1800-1962). National languages became more and more prominent as nationalism and nationalistic studies predominated. However, Latin persisted in certain areas: the Hungarian parliament used Latin in speeches and resolutions until 1848; German universities taught several courses in Latin until the middle of the 19th century; ecclesiastical universities taught many courses in Latin. Pope Pius XII promulgated a new translation of the psalms, which were optionally used in the Office (Breviary) in place of St. Jerome's Vulgate. THE MODERN PERIOD (1963-). After the Second Vatican Council Latin fell out of wide liturgical use, although Latin is still the official language of the Roman Catholic Church and is used in its official documents. Latin is still of international use in naming and describing modern scientific discoveries, Finland broadcasts a weekly news program in Latin, and several Latin periodicals are being issued. Pope John Paul II promulgated a "New Vulgate" edition of the Bible, which had been in preparation for several decades. ================================================================= CATULLUS V Text and Literal Translation [The beauty of the poem lies in the poetic language of the original Latin. No translation can reflect this. The literal translation is supplied merely as a learning tool.] VIVAMUS, MEA LESBIA, ATQUE AMEMUS! Let us live, my Lesia, and let us love! RUMORESQUE SENUM SEVERIORUM And all the talk of too harsh old men OMNES UNIUS AESTIMEMUS ASSIS. Let us value at one as. SOLES OCCIDERE ET REDIRE POSSUNT: Suns can set and rise, NOBIS, CUM SEMEL OCCIDIT BREVIS LUX, (but) by us, when once the brief light sets upon us, NOX EST PERPETUA UNA DORMIENDA. there is one eternal night to be slept. DA MI BASIA MILLE, DEINDE CENTUM. Supply me a thousand kisses, then a hundred. DEIN MILLE ALTERA, DEIN SECUNDA CENTUM. Then a thousand others, then a second hundred. DEINDE USQUE ALTERA MILLE, DEINDE CENTUM Then yet again a thousand others, then a hundred. DEIN, CUM MILIA MULTA FECERIMUS, Then, when we shall have done many thousands, CONTURBABIMUS ILLA, NE SCIAMUS, we shall confuse them, lest we know (how many), AUT NEQUIS MALUS INVIDERE POSSIT, or lest anyone evil can envy (them), CUM TANTUM SCIAT ESSE BASIORUM. when he would know that there are so many kisses. Grammatical Notes SEVERIORUM: The comparative of SEVERUS, indicating, as the comparative sometimes does, an excessive degree of the quality. UNIUS AESTIMEMUS ASSIS: Genitive of price with the verb AESTIMO. The as was a Roman coin of minimal value. Notice the juxtaposition in this verse of OMNES with UNIUS. OCCIDERE ET REDIRE: Notice that this is literally not "rise and set again," but "set and rise again." It could be considered an example of the poetic figure "hysteron proteron" (last first). NOBIS CUM: CUM is not a preposition in the sense of "with" (typographically that would be NOBISCUM), but is a conjunction ("when" with the indicative mood of OCCIDIT) that has been delayed in position after the beginning of its clause. This is a poetic figure called "anastrophe." NOBIS is the dative of agent with the gerundive DORMIENDA in the next line. DORMIENDA: This is a gerundive (future passive participle: "to be slept"). An alternative translation would be "one eternal night must be slept," because the gerundive has a sense of necessity. MILLE ALTERA: Supply BASIA, as with all the neuter plurals following. CUM MILIA MULTA FECERIMUS: Here is "cum" again introducing a temporal clause ("when") with the future perfect indicative (FECERIMUS), because the action is viewed as completed in a future time. NE ... AUT NE: These are two negative purpose clauses introduced by NE's with the present subjunctives SCIAMUS and POSSIT ("in order that we may not know ... or that no one ... may be able...."). NEQUIS: With NE, QUIS commonly has the meaning of an indefinite pronoun, "anyone." CUM: This time CUM is used with the present subjunctive (SCIAT) by attraction of the mood of the verb in the subordinate clause to the subjunctive mood of the verb in its main clause (POSSIT), though it may have a causal sense ("because" or "since") that is often indicated by the subjunctive mood in a CUM clause. The verb SCIAT, being a verb that can take indirect statement, is followed here by the accusative and infinite construction common in classical Latin. The direct statement would have been: EST TANTUM BASIORUM ("there are so many kisses"). TANTUM BASIORUM: A so-called partitive genitive is common with TANTUM and similar words in Latin, literally, "so many (of) kisses." ================================================================= TITI LIVI AB URBE CONDITA The Sabines, who were said to have occupied the Quirinal Hill in northern Rome, appear prominently in the legends of early Rome. Although modern historians generally dismiss the legends as fiction, they note that a little of the Sabines' Oscan vocabulary was borrowed into Latin and that a few Sabine deities were accepted into Roman state cults, including the local deity Quirinus, from whom the Romans sometimes called themselves Quirites. The great historian of Republican Rome, Titus Livius (Livy) (59 B.C.-A.D. 17 or 64 B.C.-A.D. 12) related the traditional legend of the rape of the Sabine women in the first book of his monumental history, Ab Urbe Condita (I.9), excerpts of which are given below. Romulus, the mythical co-founder and first king of Rome, having failed to negotiate successfully for intermarriage with the neighboring Sabines, attracted many Sabines to the fledling Rome under the guise of a religious festival, at which his men seized the Sabine women for themselves. All ended well, however. The Sabine women intervened in the subsequent battle between Romulus and the Sabine general Titus Tatius. Peace was made, and the Romans and Sabines became one people. The Rape of the Sabine Women Book I, Chapter 9 Iam res Romana adeo erat valida ut cuilibet finitimarum civitatum bello par esset; sed penuria mulierum hominis aetatem duratura magnitudo erat, quippe quibus nec domi spes prolis nec cum finitimis conubia essent. Tum ex consilio patrum Romulus legatos circa vicinas gentes misit qui societatem conubiumque novo populo peterent....Nusquam benigne legatio audita est: adeo simul spernebant simul tantam in medio crescentem molem sibi ac posteris suis metuebant.... Romulus aegritudinem animi dissimulans ludos ex industria parat Neptuno equestri sollemnes; Consualia vocat. Indici deinde finitimis spectaculum iubet....Iam Sabinorum omnis multitudo cum liberis ac coniugibus venit....Ubi spectaculi tempus venit deditaeque eo mentes cum oculis erant, tum ex composito orta vis signoque dato iuventus Romana ad rapiendas virgines discurrit.... Sed ipse Romulus circumibat docebatque patrum id superbia factum qui conubium finitimis negassent....Accedebant blanditiae virorum, factum purgantium cupiditate atque amore, quae maxime ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces sunt. ================================================================= C. VELLEI PATERCULI HISTORIAE ROMANAE Actively involved in Roman military and public life from 2 B.C., Gaius Velleius Paterculus was ultimately promoted from equestrian to senatorial rank and acknowledged as an auditor (aide) by Tiberius himself. His compendium of Roman history he dedicated in A.D. 30 to Marcus Vinicius, consul in that year. (Bowder) The Death of Augustus Chapter CXXIII Venitur ad tempus, in quo fuit venitur: one comes (impersonal) plurimum metus. Quippe Augustus plurimum: to a very great degree cum Germanicum nepotem suum metus: fear reliqua belli patraturum quippe = nam misisset in Germaniam, Tiberium cum: when autem filium missurus esset in nepos, nepotis: grandson Illyricum ad firmanda pace quae reliqua, -orum (n pl): remainder bello subegerat, prosequens eum patro (1): to finish simulque interfuturus athletarum misisset: sent (subjunctive) certaminis ludicro, quod eius missurus esset: he was about to send (subj.) honori sacratum a Neapolitanis ad firmanda...quae: to strengthen (those est, processit in Campaniam. things) which subigo,-ere,-egi: to subdue prosequens: escorting interfuturus: to be present at (with dative) certamen, -inis (n): contest ludicrum, -i (n): spectacle sacratum est: was dedicated procedo, -ere, -cessi: proceeded Quamquam iam motus quamquam: although imbecillitatis inclinataeque in motus: symptoms (acc pl) deterius principia valetudinis imbecillitas, -tatis (f): senserat, tamen obnitente vi weakness animi prosecutus filium inclinatae: inclined digressusque ab eo Beneventi in deterius: to the worse ipse Nolam petiit: et valetudo, -inis (f): health ingravescente in dies obnitente vi: since his strength valetudine, cum sciret, quis fought back volenti omnia post se salva prosecutus: having escorted remanere accersendus foret, peto,-ere,peti(v)i: to make for festinanter revocavit filium; digressus: having departed ille ad patrem patriae expectato Beneventi: at Beneventum (locative) revolavit maturius. ingravescente in dies valetudine: since his health was worsening daily cum sciret quis: since he knew who must be summoned by him wishing expectato...maturius: sooner than expected Tum securum se Augustus securum se praedicans: praedicans circumfususque asserting that he was at ease amplexibus Tiberii sui, circumfusus: surrounded commendans illi sua atque ipsius amplexibus: embraces (abl pl) opera nec quidquam iam de fine, commendans: entrusting si fata poscerent, recusans, quidquam: anything subrefectus primo conspectu finis, finis (f): end alloquioque carissimi sibi si fata poscerent: if the fates spiritus, mox, cum omnem curam called fata vincerent, in sua resolutus subrefectus: revived initia Pompeio Apuleioque primo: at first consulibus septuagesimo et sexto conspectu: sight (abl s) anno animam caelestem caelo alloquium, -ii (n): speech reddidit. carissimus,-a,-um: very dear spiritus: (gen s m) mox: soon fata, -orum (n pl): the fates vincerent: conquered (subjun) resolutus: resolved initium, -ii (n): beginning caelestis,-e: divine caelum, -i (n): to heaven (dat) reddo, -ere, redidi: to return (through Wheelock XVII) ================================================================= MARCI VALERII MARTIALIS EPIGRAMMATA Martial was born on the first of March around A.D. 40 (whence his cognomen) in Bilbilis in Spain. In about 64, he took the obvious course for a gifted young man from the provinces and went to Rome. There is reason to believe that when he first arrived in Rome he benefited from the generosity of his fellow Spaniard, the younger Seneca, and from Lucius Calpurnius Piso, who in 65 was involved in a conspiracy to assassinate the emperor Nero. In a society supported by slave labor and provided with free bread and entertainment at the emperor's expense, Martial was one of the privileged citizens who relied for his livelihood entirely on what he could get from patrons. Dependent on the financial, social, and sexual amenities of the capital, but always nostalgic for the countryside, Martial was one of the first poets to celebrate, with mixed feelings, the modern megalopolis. His picture of Rome towards the end of the first century is remarkably vivid. Book X, Number xlvii Vitam quae faciant beatiorem, faciant: present subjunctive iucundissime Martialis, haec sunt: parta: p.p.p. of pario, to produce res non parta labore sed relicta; relicta: p.p.p. of relinquo, to leave non ingratus ager, focus perennis; focus: hearth lis numquam, toga rara, mens quieta; lis, litis (f): lawsuit vires ingenuae, salubre corpus; ingenuus: free-born prudens simplicitas, pares amici; convictus, -us (m): banquet convictus facilis, sine arte mensa; soluta: p.p.p. of solveo, to free nox non ebria sed soluta curis; tristis: unhappy non tristis torus et tamen pudicus; torus: bed somnus qui faciat breves tenebras; pudicus: modest quod sis esse velis nihilque malis; tenebrae, -arum (f pl): darkness summum nec metuas diem nec optes. sis: present subjunctive of sum velis: present subjunctive of volo malis: pres. subj. of malo, to prefer metuas: pres. subj. of metuo, to fear opto: pres. subj. of opto, to hope for (through Wheelock XXVI) ================================================================= C. PLINI CAECILI SECUNDI EPISTULAE One of the most revealing documents on early Christianity that has come down to us is the correspondence between the Roman official and author, Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus (called Pliny the Younger to distinguish him from his renowned uncle Pliny the Elder) and the emperor Trajan. As governor of the province of Bythinia-Pontus (ca. A.D. 111-113), Pliny the Younger inquired of the emperor what the proper legal procedure was to deal with those accused of being Christians. Book X, Number 97 TRAIANUS PLINIO. actum: procedure (m acc s) mi: vocative of meus Actum quem debuisti, mi Secunde, in excutiendis causis: in in excutiendis causis eorum qui examining the cases Christiani ad te delati fuerant delati fuerant: had been secutus es. Neque enim in charged universum aliquid quod quasi secutus es: you followed certam formam habeat constitui aliquid: anything potest. Conquirendi non sunt: quasi...habeat: as if it had si deferantur et arguantur, conquirendi sunt: they must not puniendi sunt, ita tamen ut qui be sought out negaverit se Christianum esse deferantur et arguantur: they idque re ipsa manifestum should be charged and found fecerit, id est supplicando dis guilty nostris, quamvis suspectus in se Christianum esse: that he praeteritum, veniam ex paenitentia is a Christian impetret. Sine auctore dis = deis vero propositi libelli re: act (f abl s) nullo crimine locum habere fecerit: he should make debent. Nam et pessimi exempli supplicando: by praying to nec nostri saeculi est. (+ dat.) quamvis: although praeteritum: the past impetret: he would obtain vero = sed propositi libelli: accusations published pessimus/a/um: worst (through Wheelock XIX) ================================================================= A "CHRISTIAN" ROMAN EMPEROR One of the most revealing documents of early Christianity that has come down to us is the correspondence between the Roman official and author Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus (called Pliny the Younger to distinguish him from his renowned uncle Pliny the Elder) and the emperor Trajan. As governor of the province of Bythinia-Pontus (ca A.D. 111-113), Pliny the Younger inquired (Epistulae X.96) of the emperor what the proper legal procedure was to deal with those accused of being Christians. Whoever clings to the popularly-held modern assumption that all Roman emperors were depraved persuctors of Christians will be surprised to read in the "pagan" emperor Trajan's reply (X.97) a tone of Christian charity and justice. Moreover, the emperor seems to feel a moral responsibility to the judgment of history for the actions of his regime ("nostri saeculi"). In fact, the Roman empire, which was perhaps the most tolerant in world history in permitting the practice of a multitude of religions throughout the empire, did not proscribe Christianity per se. Indeed, the worst criticisms that Pliny himself advanced against the Christians were that they were "possessed of "pertinaciam certe et inflexibilem obstinationem" (stubbornness, certainly, and inflexible obstinacy) and that they were practitioners of "superstitionem pravam, immodicam" (a depraved, excessive superstition). Rather, Christians were prosecuted for overt acts: obstinate disobedience of imperial officials, violation of the statutes on illegal associations, disloyalty and treason, civil disorder, and other specific offenses. Always in the background was the imperial administration's desire to maintain peace in the provinces, for which reason Trajan was reluctant to permit people to associate for even less objectionable purposes such as a fire-brigade or a benefit society. TRAIANUS PLINIO. Actum quem debuisti, mi Secunde, in excutiendis causis eorum qui Christiani ad te delati fuerant secutus es. Neque enim in universum aliquid quod quasi certam formam habeat constitui potest. Conquirendi non sunt: si deferantur et arguantur, puniendi sunt, ita tamen ut qui negaverit se Christianum esse idque re ipsa manifestum fecerit, id est supplicando dis nostris, quamvis suspectus in praeteritum, veniam ex paenitentia impetret. Sine auctore vero propositi libelli nullo crimine locum habere debent. Nam et pessimi exempli nec nostri saeculi est. TRAJAN TO PLINY You pursued the action that you should have, my Secundus, in prosecuting the cases of those who had been reported to you as Christians. For nothing can be set down as a universal principle that would have a definite form. The Christians are not to be sought out: if they should be reported and accused, they must be punished, yet in such a way that anyone who denies that he is a Christian and makes this manifest in point of fact (that is, by praying to our gods), even though suspected in the past, he will obtain pardon. However, a complaint offered without a signature should have not have standing in any criminal case. For this is the worst precedent and not representative of our era. ================================================================= C. SUETONI TRANQUILLI DE VITA CAESARUM DIVUS IULIUS Suetonius was born ca. A.D. 69 and became secretary to the emperor Hadrian. Though he was excessively interested in anecdotes, often very scandalous and speculative, Suetonius' work is valuable because he was able to consult official archives. Here is Suetonius' dramatic account of the assassination of Julius Caesar. Chapter LXXXII Assidentem conspirati specie officii assideo: to sit down circumsteterunt, ilicoque Cimber conspiratus, -i (m): conspirator Tillius, qui primas partes specie: appearance (abl s) susceperat, quasi aliquid rogaturus circumsto, -are, -steti: to surround propius accessit renuentique et ilico: immediately gestu in aliud tempus differenti ab suscipio, -ere, -cepi: to undertake utroque umero togam adprehendit; quasi: as if deinde clamantem: "Ista quidem vis aliquid: something est!" alter e Cascis aversum propius: nearer vulnerat paulum infra iugulum. accedo, -ere, -cessi: to approach Caesar Cascae brachium arreptum renuo: to refuse graphio traiecit conatusque gestu: gesture (abl s) prosilire alio vulnere tardatus est; differo: to put off utque animadvertit undique se uterque: both strictis pugionibus peti, toga caput umerus, -i (m): shoulder obvolvit, simul sinistra manu sinum aversum: from behind ad ima crura deduxit, quo honestius paulum: a little (adv) caderet etiam inferiore corporis infra: below parte velata. Atque ita tribus et iugulum, -i (n): throat viginti plagis confossus est uno brachium, -i (n): arm modo ad primum ictum gemitu sine arripio, -ere, -ui, -reptum: to grasp voce edito, etsi tradiderunt quidam graphium, -i (n): stylus Marco Bruto irruenti dixisse: kai su conatus: having tried teknon; Exanimis diffugientibus prosilio: to leap up cunctis aliquamdiu iacuit, donec tardo: to delay lecticae impositum, dependente utque: and when brachio, tres servoli domum animadverto: to realize rettulerunt. Nec in tot vulneribus, undique: on all sides ut Antistius medicus existimabat, se ... peti: that he was being letale ullum repertum est, nisi quod attacked secundo loco in pectore acceperat. pugio, -ionis (m): dagger stringo, -ere, strinxi, strictum: to draw (a dagger) obvolvo, -ere, -volvi: to cover sinus, -us (m): fold (of toga) imus, -a, -um: the bottom of crus, cruris (n): leg quo honestius caderet: that he might fall the more decently velo (1): covered tribus et viginti: 23 (3 and 20) plaga, -ae (f): blow confodio, -ere, -fodi, -fossum: to stab ictus, -us (m): blow gemitus, -us (m): groan edo, edere, edidi, editus: to give out etsi: although quidem: some (m pl) irruo: to rush at kai su, teknon? = et tu, fili? (Greek) exanimis, -e: lifeless diffugio: to flee away cunctus, -a, -um: all aliquamdiu: for some time (adv) donec: until lectica, -ae (f): litter (dat w/verb) dependente brachio: with his arm hanging down domum: to home refero, -ere, -tuli: to carry back tot: so many (adv) ut: as existimo (1): to judge letalis, -e: lethal reperio, -ire, repperi, repertum: to found nisi: except quod: what is the antecedent? pectus, -oris (n): chest (through Wheelock XXIII) ================================================================= C. SUETONI TRANQUILLI DE VITA CAESARUM DIVUS AUGUSTUS Chapter XCIV.2-4 Certainly one of the most magnificent funerals conducted in the ancient Rome must have been that for Augustus himself. Although Tacitus (Annales, I.viii-ix) treats briefly the debate in the senate concerning the last honors to be paid to Augustus, Suetonius (Divus Augustus, XCIX) gives us the details of the funeral rites themselves. Senatus et in funere ornando et in memoria honoranda eo studio certatim progressus est, ut inter alia complura censuerint quidam, funus triumphali porta ducendum, praecedente Victoria quae est in curia, canentibus neniam principum liberis utriusque sexus; alii, exsequiarum die ponendos anulos aureos ferreosque sumendos; nonnulli, ossa legenda per sacerdotes summorum collegiorum....Verum adhibito honoribus modo bifariam laudatus est: pro aede Divi Iuli a Tiberio et pro rostris veteribus a Druso Tiberi filio, ac senatorum umeris delatus in Campum crematusque. Nec defuit vir praetorius, qui se effigiem cremati euntem in caelum vidisse iuraret. Reliquias legerunt primores equestris ordinis tunicati et discincti pedibusque nudis ac Mausoleo condiderunt. Id opus inter Flaminiam viam ripamque Tiberis sexto suo consulatu exstruxerat circumiectasque silvas et ambulationes in usum populi iam tum publicarat. ================================================================= C. SUETONI TRANQUILLI DE VITA CAESARUM GAIUS CALIGULA Chapter I.1 Germanicus, C. Caesaris minoris: younger (gen. s.) pater, Drusi et minoris patruus, -i (m.): paternal uncle Tiberio patruo adoptatus, adoptatus: adopted quaesturam quinquennio quaestura, -ae (f.): quaestorship ante quam per leges quinquennium, -i (n.): five-year liceret et post eam period consulatum statim gessit, ante quam: before missusque ad exercitum in lex, legis (f.): law Germaniam, excessu liceret: it was permitted Augusti nuntiato, exercitum: army (m. acc. s.) legiones universas eam: note the gender; to what noun imperatorem Tiberium does it refer? pertinacissime recusantis consulatum: consulship (m. acc. s.) et sibi summam rei gero, gerere, gessi: to hold (an publicae deferentis, office) incertum pietate an missus: sent constantia maiore, excessu Augusti nuntiato: the death compescuit atque hoste of Augustus having been announced mox devicto triumpavit. imperator, -is (m.): emperor pertinacissime: very obstinately ================================================================= C. SUETONIUS TRANQUILLUS DE VITA CAESARUM GAIUS CALIGULA Chapter I.2 Consul deinde iterum consul, -is (m.): consul creatus ac prius quam creatus: elected (m. nom. s.) honorem iniret ad ac = atque componendum Orientis prius quam: before statum expulsus, cum iniret: entered upon Armeniae regem ad componendum Orientis statum: devicisset, Cappadociam for the purpose of pacifying the in provinciae formam situation in the East redegisset, annum agens expulsus: sent out aetatis quartum et cum: when tricensimum diuturno devicisset: he had conquered morbo Antiochiae obiit, redegisset: he had reduced non sine veneni agens: living (m. nom. s.) suspicione. Nam praeter aetas, -tatis (f.): age livores, qui toto corpore quartus, -a, -um: fourth erant, et spumas, quae trecensimus, -a, -um: thirtieth per os fluebant, cremati diuturno morbo: because of a long quoque cor inter ossa illness incorruptum repertum est, Antiochiae: at Antioch (locative) cuius ea natura obeo, obire, obii: to die existimatur, ut tinctum venenum, -i (n.): poison veneno igne confici praeter: besides (preposition) nequeat. livor, -oris (m.): black-and-blue marks spuma, -ae (f.): froth quae: which os, oris (n.): mouth fluo, fluere, fluxi: to flow cremati: of him cremated (m. gen. s.) cor, -dis (n.): heart inter: among (preposition) os, ossis (n.): bone repertum est: was found cuius ea natura existimatur ut: the nature of which [the heart] is thought to be such that tinctum: steeped (n. nom. s.); to what noun does it refer? ignis, ignis (m.): fire; what is the case of igne and veneno and how do you translate it? confici nequeat: it cannot be destroyed; what is the subject of nequeat? Chapter II Obiit autem, ut opinio ut: as fuit, fraude Tiberi, fraus, -dis (f.): plot ministerio et opera Cn. ministerium, -i (n.): assistance Pisonis, qui sub idem opera, -ae (f.): work tempus Syriae qui: who praepositus, nec praepositus: placed in charge of dissimulans offendendum (with dat.) sibi aut patrem aut dissimulans offendendum sibi aut filium, quasi plane ita patrem aut filium: ignoring the necesse esset, etiam fact that either the father or aegrum Germanicum the son must be offended by gravissimis verborum ac himself rerum acerbitatibus nullo quasi: as if adhibito modo adfecit: plane: plainly (explain how this propert que, ut Roman adverbial form was made) rediit, paene discerptus esset: it was a populo, a senatu aeger, -ra, -rum: sick capitis damnatus. gravissimus, -a, -um: gravest rerum: deeds (f. gen. pl.) acerbitas, -tatis (f.): bitterness nullo adhibito modo: with no means withheld adficio, adficere, adfeci: to treat propter quae: because of which things ut: when redeo, redire, redii: to return paene: almost discerptus: torn to pieces capitis damnatus est: he was condemned to capital punishment (though Wheelock XII) ================================================================= C. SUETONIUS TRANQUILLUS DE VITA CAESARUM OTHO Suetonius (Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, n. ca. A.D. 69), the biographer of the twelve Caesars, leaves us a physical description of the short-lived emperor Otho (Otho, XII.1), who died in his thirty-eighth year of age and on the ninety-fifth day of his reign. Otho's physical description immediately follows Suetonius' telling of Otho's courageous death by suicide after Vitellius had been proclaimed emperor by the joined armies. Suetonius contrasts Otho's courageous death to his unremarkable appearance and his "paene muliebrum" personal habits. Tanto Othonis animo nequaquam corpus aut habitus competit. Fuisse enim et modicae saturae et male pedatus scambusque traditur, munditiarum vero paene muliebrium, vulso corpore, galericulo capiti propter raritatem capillorum adaptato et adnexo, ut nemo dinosceret; quin et faciem cotidie rasitare ac pane madido linere consuetum, idque instituisse a prima lanugine, ne barbatus umquam esset; sacra etiam Isidis saepe in linteam religiosaque veste propalam celebrasse. ================================================================= LATIN VULGATE The Latin Vulgate Bible, Genesis 1:1-4 The Creation, Adam & Eve -------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- The Latin Vulgate Bible, Genesis 1:1-4 The Creation, Adam & Eve Douay-Rheims Translation (1609) Presented in Transparent Language -------------------------------------- ================================================== The Latin Vulgate Bible: The Creation, Adam & Eve ================================================== In A.D. 382 St. Jerome (Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus) was called to Rome by Pope St. Damasus I (r. 366-384) to undertake a work that was to become the single most influential Latin work, fundamentally affecting Western Civilization to this day. It is hardly an accident of history that the first work to be printed on Gutenberg's new printing press was the Vulgate Bible (ca. 1455). Pope Damasus wanted St. Jerome to revise the "Old Latin" (Vetus Latina) translation of the Bible into what has now become known as the "Vulgate Bible" (Biblia Vulgata). The Pope could not have selected a more gifted linguist and scholar for the task. St. Jerome (ca. A.D. 348-420) was a master of classical Latin, having studied at Rome the style of the rhetoricians, lawyers, and philosphers. He was also fluent in Koine Greek, the original language of the New Testament, and in Hebrew, the original language of the Old Testament. He even learned Syriac (Aramaic) to translate the few sections of the Old Testament written in that language. The Vulgate Bible forms the basis of Ecclesiastical Latin, the form of Latin developed by the Fathers of the Western Church and their successors. It is not only the Latin of the Vulgate Bible but also the Latin of canon law, of the Roman liturgy, of church hymns, of the scholastic philosophers, and of papal documents. Shaped by so many writers of so many different cultures and sophistications, Ecclesiastical Latin shows considerable variation, so that the Vulgate Bible is only one example of the form. The Ecclesiastical Latin of the Vulgate Bible (4th century A.D.) and the literary Classical Latin of Cicero and Vergil (1st century B.C.) share basically the same vocabulary, forms, and syntax. Ecclesiastical Latin, however, experienced a natural evolutionary change over the intervening four centuries, approximately the period between the English of Shakespeare and the English of today. Ecclesiastical Latin developed through two primary influences. First, it borrowed structures from Koine Greek, the Greek of the original New Testament. Secondly, it drew extensively from the colloquial Latin of the common people. From this latter characteristic the Latin of Vulgate Bible is known also as Vulgar Latin -- "vulgar" and "vulgate" both coming from the Latin vulgus, meaning the common people. It was from this form of Latin that the modern Romance languages -- French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, and Spanish -- eventually grew. The British philospher John Locke believed that an adult could best learn Latin by reading the Vulgate Bible. Its style is generally easy to understand, a fact that facilitates the progress of the adult learner. It generally lacks the highly subordinated, periodic style that marks the highly literary, rhetorical Latin of the classical authors. The Interpretive Translation I have used in this Transparent Language version is the Challoner revision of the venerable Douay-Rheims version in English. As its title page indicates, it was "translated from the Latin Vulgate and diligently compared with the Hebrew, Greek, and other editions in diverse languages." The Old Testament was first published by the English College at Douay (1609); the New Testament was first published by the English College at Rheims (1582). The whole was revised and diligently compared with the Latin Vulgate by Bishop Richard Challoner (1749-1752). In the Word Translation box, I have tried to stay close to the Douay- Rheims translation of individual words, but have departed in a few instances where I felt that a more literal or contemporary translation would be preferable. In the Phrase Translation box, I have tried to identify the most basic sentence and phrase structures. In the Rootword box, I have given the present active infinitive form of verbs (as is done in Romance-language dictionaries) rather than the first-person singular present indicative active form that Latin dictionaries often use to alphabetize entries. In the Comment box, I have given a relatively full morphological (form) and syntactical (structure) identification, based substantially upon the categories defined in Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges, which is one of the best working grammars of classical Latin and is still available in reprint. LIBER GENESIS 1. In principio creavit Deus caelum et terram. Terra autem erat inanis et vacua, et tenebrae erant super faciem abyssi, et Spiritus Dei ferebatur super aquas. Dixitque Deus: Fiat lux. Et facta est lux. Et vidit Deus lucem quod esset bona: et divisit lucem a tenebris. Appellavitque lucem Diem, et tenebras Noctem factumque est vespere et mane, dies unus. Dixit quoque Deus: Fiat firmamentum in medio aquarum: et dividat aquas ab aquis. Et fecit Deus firmamentum, divisitque aquas, quae erant sub firmamento, ab his, quae erant super firmamentum. Et factum est ita. Vocavitque Deus firmamentum, Caelum: et factum est vespere et mane, dies secundus. Dixit vero Deus: Congregentur aquae, quae sub caelo sunt, in locum unum: et appareat arida. Et factum est ita. Et vocavit Deus aridam Terram, congregationesque aquarum appellavit Maria. Et vidit Deus quod esset bonum. Et ait: Germinet terra herbam virentem, et facientem semen, et lignum pomiferum faciens fructum iuxta genus suum, cuius semen in semetipso sit super terram. Et factum est ita. Et protulit terra herbam virentem, et facientem semen iuxta genus suum, lignumque faciens fructum, et habens unumquodque sementem secundum speciem suam. Et vidit Deus quod esset bonum. Et factum est vespere et mane, dies tertius. Dixit autem Deus: Fiant luminaria in firmamento caeli, et dividant diem ac noctem, et sint in signa et tempora, et dies et annos; ut luceant in firmamento caeli, et illuminent terram. Et factum est ita. Fecitque Deus duo luminaria magna: luminare maius, ut praeesset diei: et luminare minus, ut praeesset nocti: et stellas. Et posuit eas in firmamento caeli, ut lucerent super terram et praeessent diei ac nocti, et dividerent lucem ac tenebras. Et vidit Deus quod esset bonum. Et factum est vespere et mane, dies quartus. Dixit etiam Deus: Producant aquae reptile animae viventis, et volatile super terram sub firmamento caeli. Creavitque Deus cete grandia, et omnem animam viventem atque motabilem, quam produxerant aquae in species suas, et omne volatile secundum genus suum. Et vidit Deus quod esset bonum. Benedixitque eis, dicens: Crescite, et multiplicamini, et replete aquas maris: avesque multiplicentur super terram. Et factum est vespere et mane, dies quintus. Dixit quoque Deus: Producat terra animam viventem in genere suo, iumenta, et reptilia, et bestias terrae secundum species suas. Factumque est ita. Et fecit Deus bestias terrae iuxta species suas, et iumenta, et omne reptile terrae in genere suo. Et vidit Deus quod esset bonum, et ait: Faciamus hominem ad imaginem et similitudinem nostram, et praesit piscibus maris, et volatilibus caeli, et bestiis, universaeque terrae, omnique reptili, quod movetur in terra. Et creavit Deus hominem ad imaginem suam: ad imaginem Dei creavit illum, masculum et feminam creavit eos. Benedixitque illis Deus, et ait: Crescite et multiplicamini, et replete terram, et subiicite eam, et dominamini piscibus maris, et volatilibus caeli, et universis animantibus, quae moventur super terram. Dixitque Deus: Ecce dedi vobis omnem herbam afferentem semen super terram, et universa ligna quae habent in semetipsis sementem generis sui, ut sint vobis in escam: et cunctis animantibus terrae, omnique volucri caeli, et universis quae moventur in terra, et in quibus est anima vivens, ut habeant ad vescendum. Et factum est ita. Viditque Deus cuncta quae fecerat, et erant valde bona. Et factum est vespere et mane, dies sextus. 2. Igitur perfecti sunt caeli et terra, et omnis ornatus eorum. Complevitque Deus die septimo opus suum quod fecerat: et requievit die septimo ab universo opere quod patrarat. Et benedixit diei septimo et sanctificavit illum, quia in ipso cessaverat ab omni opere suo quod creavit Deus ut faceret. Istae sunt generationes caeli et terrae, quando creata sunt, in die quo fecit Dominus Deus caelum et terram et omne virgultum agri antequam oriretur in terra, omnemque herbam regionis priusquam germinaret: non enim pluerat Dominus Deus super terram, et homo non erat qui operaretur terram, sed fons ascendebat e terra, irrigans universam superficiem terrae. Formavit igitur Dominus Deus hominem de limo terrae, et inspiravit in faciem eius spiraculum vitae, et factus est homo in animam viventem. Plantaverat autem Dominus Deus paradisum voluptatis a principio, in quo posuit hominem quem formaverat. Produxitque Dominus Deus de humo omne lignum pulchrum visu, et ad vescendum suave: lignum etiam vitae in medio paradisi, lignumque scientiae boni et mali. Et fluvius egrediebatur de loco voluptatis ad irrigandum paradisum, qui inde dividitur in quatuor capita. Nomen uni Phison: ipse est qui circuit omnem terram Hevilath, ubi nascitur aurum, et aurum terrae illius optimum est, ibi invenitur bdellium, et lapis onychinus. Et nomen fluvii secundi Gehon, ipse est qui circumit omnem terram Aethiopiae. Nomen vero fluminis tertii, Tigris: ipse vadit contra Assyrios. Fluvius autem quartus, ipse est Euphrates. Tulit ergo Dominus Deus hominem, et posuit eum in paradiso voluptatis, ut operaretur, et custodiret illum: Praecepitque ei dicens: Ex omni ligno paradisi comede. De ligno autem scientiae boni et mali ne comedas, in quocumque enim die comederis ex eo, morte morieris. Dixit quoque Dominus Deus: Non est bonum esse hominem solum: faciamus ei adiutorium simile sibi. Formatis igitur, Dominus Deus, de humo cunctis animantibus terrae, et universis volatilibus caeli, adduxit ea ad Adam, ut videret quid vocaret ea: omne enim quod vocavit Adam animae viventis, ipsum est nomen eius. Appellavitque Adam nominibus suis cuncta animantia, et universa volatilia caeli, et omnes bestias terrae: Adae vero non inveniebatur adiutor similis eius. Immisit ergo Dominus Deus soporem in Adam: cumque obdormisset, tulit unam de costis eius, et replevit carnem pro ea. Et aedificavit Dominus Deus costam, quam tulerat de Adam, in mulierem: et adduxit eam ad Adam. Dixitque Adam: Hoc nunc, os ex ossibus meis, et caro de carne mea: haec vocabitur Virago, quoniam de viro sumpta est. Quamobrem relinquet homo patrem suum, et matrem, et adhaerebit uxori suae: et erunt duo in carne una. Erat autem uterque nudus. Adam scilicet et uxor eius: et non erubescebant. 3. Sed et serpens erat callidior cunctis animantibus terrae quae fecerat Dominus Deus. Qui dixit ad mulierem: Cur praecepit vobis Deus ut non comederetis de omni ligno paradisi? Cui respondit mulier: De fructu lignorum, quae sunt in paradiso, vescimur: de fructu vero ligni quod est in medio paradisi, praecepit nobis Deus ne comederemus, et ne tangeremus illud, ne forte moriamur. Dixit autem serpens ad mulierem. Nequaquam morte moriemini. Scit enim Deus quod in quocumque die comederitis ex eo, aperientur oculi vestri et eritis sicut dii, scientes bonum et malum. Vidit igitur mulier quod bonum esset lignum ad vescendum, et pulchrum oculis, aspectuque delectabile: et tulit de fructu illius, et comedit deditque viro suo, qui comedit. Et aperti sunt oculi amborum, cumque cognovissent se esse nudos, consuerunt folia ficus, et fecerunt sibi perizomata. Et cum audissent vocem Domini Dei deambulantis in paradiso ad auram post meridiem, abscondit se Adam et uxor eius a facie Domini Dei in medio ligni paradisi. Vocavitque Dominus Deus Adam, et dixit ei: Ubi es? Qui ait. Vocem tuam audivi in paradiso et timui, eo quod nudus essem, et abscondi me. Cui dixit: Quis enim indicavit tibi quod nudus esses, nisi quod ex ligno de quo praeceperam tibi ne comederes, comedisti? Dixitque Adam: Mulier, quam dedisti mihi sociam dedit mihi de ligno, et comedi. Et dixit Dominus Deus ad mulierem: Quare hoc fecisti? Quae respondit: Serpens decepit me, et comedi. Et ait Dominus Deus ad serpemem: Quia fecisti hoc, Maledictus es inter omnia animantia, et bestias terrae: Super pectus tuum gradieris, et terram comedes cunctis diebus vitae tuae. Inimicitias ponam inter te et mulierem, Et semen tuum et semen illius: Ipsa conteret caput tuum Et tu insidiaberis calcaneo eius. Mulieri quoque dixit: Multiplicabo aerumnas tuas, et conceptus tuos: in dolore paries filios, et sub viri potestate eris, et ipse dominabitur tui. Adae vero dixit. Quia audisti vocem uxoris tuae, et comedisti de ligno, ex quo praeceperam tibi ne comederes, maledicta terra in opere tuo: in laboribus comedes ex ea cunctis diebus vitae tuae. Spinas et tribulos germinabit tibi, et comedes herbam terrae. In sudore vultus tui vesceris pane, donec revertaris in terram de qua sumptus es: quia pulvis es et in pulverem reverteris. Et vocavit Adam nomen uxoris suae, Heva: eo quod mater esset cunctorum viventium. Fecit quoque Dominus Deus Adae et uxori eius tunicas pelliceas, et induit eos: Et ait: Ecce Adam quasi unus ex nobis factus est, sciens bonum et malum: nunc ergo ne forte mittat manum suam, et sumat etiam de ligno vitae, et comedat, et vivat in aeternum. Et emisit eum Dominus Deus de paradiso voluptatis, ut operaretur terram de qua sumptus est. Eiecitque Adam: et collocavit ante paradisum voluptatis cherubim, et flammeum gladium, atque versatilem, ad custodiendam viam ligni vitae. Douay-Rheims (1582-1609) Translation from the Latin Vulgate The Book of Genesis 1. In the beginning God created heaven, and earth. And the earth was void and empty, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the spirit of God moved over the waters. And God said: Be light made. And light was made. And God saw the light that it was good; and he divided the light from the darkness. And he called the light Day, and the darkness Night; and there was evening and morning one day. And God said: Let there be a firmament made amidst the waters: and let it divide the waters from the waters. And God made a firmament, and divided the waters that were under the firmament, from those that were above the firmament, and it was so. And God called the firmament, Heaven; and the evening and morning were the second day. God also said: Let the waters that are under the heaven, be gathered together into one place: and let the dry land appear. And it was so done. And God called the dry land Earth; and the gathering together of the waters, he called Seas. And God saw that it was good. And he said: Let the earth bring forth the green herb, and such as may seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after its kind, which may have seed in itself upon the earth. And it was so done. And the earth brought forth the green herb, and such as yieldeth seed according to its kind, and the tree that beareth fruit, having seed each one according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. And the evening and the morning were the third day. And God said: Let there be lights made in the firmament of heaven, to divide the day and the night, and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days and years: To shine in the firmament of heaven and to give light upon the earth. And it was so done. And God made two great lights: a greater light to rule the day; and a lesser light to rule the night: and the stars. And he set them in the firmament of heaven to shine upon the earth. And to rule the day and the night, and to divide the light and the darkness. And God saw that it was good. And the evening and morning were the fourth day. God also said: Let the waters bring forth the creeping creature having life, and the fowl that may fly over the earth under the firmament of heaven. And God created the great whales, and every living and moving creature, which the waters brought forth, according to their kinds, and every winged fowl according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. And he blessed them, saying: Increase and multiply, and fill the waters of the sea: and let the birds be multiplied upon the earth. And the evening and morning were the fifth day. And God said: Let the earth bring forth the living creature in its kind, cattle and creeping things, and beasts of the earth, according to their kinds. And it was so done. And God made the beasts of the earth according to their kinds, and cattle, and every thing that creepeth on the earth after its kind. And God saw that it was good. And he said: Let us make man to our image and likeness: and let him have dominion over the fishes of the sea, and the fowls of the air, and the beasts, and the whole earth, and every creeping creature that moveth upon the earth. And God created man to his own image: to the image of God he created him: male and female he created them. And God blessed them, saying: Increase and multiply, and fill the earth, and subdue it, and rule over the fishes of the sea, and the fowls of the air, and all living creatures that move upon the earth. And God said: Behold I have given you every herb bearing seed upon the earth, and all trees that have in themselves seed of their own kind, to be your meat: And to all beasts of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to all that move upon the earth, and wherein there is life, that they may have to feed upon. And it was so done. And God saw all the things that he had made, and they were very good. And the evening and morning were the sixth day. 2. So the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the furniture of them. And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made: and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had done. And he blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because in it he had rested from all his work which God created and made. These are the generations of the heaven and the earth, when they were created, in the day that the Lord God made the heaven and the earth: And every plant of the field before it sprung up in the earth, and every herb of the ground before it grew: for the Lord God had not rained upon the earth; and there was not a man to till the earth. But a spring rose out of the earth, watering all the surface of the earth. And the Lord God formed man of the slime of the earth: and breathed into his face the breath of life, and man became a living soul. And the Lord God had planted a paradise of pleasure from the beginning: wherein he placed man whom he had formed. And the Lord God brought forth of the ground all manner of trees, fair to behold, and pleasant to eat of: the tree of life also in the midst of paradise: and the tree of knowledge of good and evil. And a river went out of the place of pleasure to water paradise, which from thence is divided into four heads. The name of the one is Phison: that is it which compasseth all the land of Hevilath, where gold groweth. And the gold of that land is very good: there is found bdellium, and the onyx stone. And the name of the second river is Gehon: the same is it that compasseth all the land of Ethiopia. And the name of the third river is Tigris: the same passeth along by the Assyrians. And the fourth river is Euphrates. And the Lord God took man, and put him into the paradise of pleasure, to dress it, and to keep it. And he commanded him, saying: Of every tree of paradise thou shalt eat: But of the tree of knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat. For in what day soever thou shalt eat of it, thou shalt die the death. And the Lord God said: It is not good for man to be alone: let us make him a help like unto himself. And the Lord God having formed out of the ground all the beasts of the earth, and all the fowls of the air, brought them to Adam to see what he would call them: for whatsoever Adam called any living creature the same is its name. And Adam called all the beasts by their names, and all the fowls of the air, and all the cattle of the field: but for Adam there was not found a helper like himself. Then the Lord God cast a deep sleep upon Adam: and when he was fast asleep, he took one of his ribs, and filled up flesh for it. And the Lord God built the rib which he took from Adam into a woman: and brought her to Adam. And Adam said: This now is bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh; she shall be called woman, because she was taken out of man. Wherefore a man shall leave father and mother, and shall cleave to his wife and they shall be two in one flesh. And they were both naked: to wit, Adam and his wife: and were not ashamed. 3. Now the serpent was more subtle than any of the beasts of the earth which the Lord God had made. And he said to the woman: Why hath God commanded you, that you should not eat of every tree of paradise? And the woman answered him, saying: Of the fruit of the trees that are in paradise we do eat: But of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of paradise, God hath commanded us that we should not eat; and that we should not touch it, lest perhaps we die. And the serpent said to the woman: No, you shall not die the death. For God doth know that in what day soever you shall eat thereof, your eyes shall be opened: and you shall be as Gods, knowing good and evil. And the woman saw that the tree was good to eat, and fair to the eyes, and delightful to behold: and she took of the fruit thereof, and did eat, and gave to her husband who did eat. And the eyes of them both were opened: and when they perceived themselves to be naked, they sewed together fig leaves, and made themselves aprons. And when they heard the voice of the Lord God walking in paradise at the afternoon air, Adam and his wife hid themselves from the face of the Lord God, amidst the trees of paradise. And the Lord God called Adam, and said to him: Where art thou? And he said: I heard thy voice in paradise; and I was afraid, because I was naked, and I hid myself. And he said to him: And who hath told thee that thou wast naked, but that thou hast eaten of the tree whereof I commanded thee that thou shouldst not eat? And Adam said: The woman, whom thou gavest me to be my companion, gave me of the tree, and I did eat. And the Lord God said to the woman: Why hast thou done this? And she answered: The serpent deceived me, and I did eat. And the Lord God said to the serpent: Because thou hast done this thing, thou art cursed among all cattle, and beasts of the earth: upon thy breast shalt thou go, and earth shalt thou eat all the days of thy life. I will put enmities between thee and the woman, and thy seed and her seed: she shall crush thy head, and thou shalt lie in wait for her heel. To the woman also he said: I will multiply thy sorrows, and thy conceptions: in sorrow shalt thou bring forth children, and thou shalt be under thy husband's power, and he shall have dominion over thee. And to Adam he said: Because thou hast hearkened to the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, whereof I commanded thee that thou shouldst not eat, cursed is the earth in thy work; with labour and toil shalt thou eat thereof all the days of thy life. Thorns and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herbs of the earth. In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread till thou return to the earth, out of which thou wast taken: for dust thou art, and into dust thou shalt return. And Adam called the name of his wife Eve: because she was the mother of all the living. And the Lord God made for Adam and his wife, garments of skins, and clothed them. And he said: Behold Adam is become as one of us, knowing good and evil: now, therefore, lest perhaps he put forth his hand, and take also of the tree I of life, and eat, and live for ever. And the Lord God sent him out of the paradise of pleasure, to till the earth from which he was taken. And he cast out Adam; and placed before the paradise of pleasure Cherubims, and a flaming sword, turning every way, to keep the way of the tree of life. ================================================================= PSALMI IUXTA VULGATAM PSALMUS 6 Domine, ne in furore tuo arguas me, neque in ira tua corripias me. Miserere mei, Domine, quoniam infirmus sum: sana me, Domine, quoniam conturbata sunt ossa mea. Et anima mea turbata est valde: sed tu, Domine, usquequo? Convertere, Domine, et eripe animam meam: salvum me fac propter misericordiam tuam. Quoniam non est in morte qui memor sit tui: in inferno autem quis confitebitur tibi? Laboravi in gemitu meo, lavabo per singulas noctes lectum meum: lacrimis meis stratum meum rigabo. Turbatus est a furore oculus meus: inveteravi inter omnes inimicos meos. Discedite a me, omnes, qui operamini iniquitatem: quoniam exaudivit Dominus vocem fletus mei. Exaudivit Dominus deprecationem meam, Dominus orationem meam suscepit. Erubescant, et conturbentur vehementer omnes inimici mei: convertantur et erubescant valde velociter. PSALMUS 7 Domine, Deus meus, in te speravi: salvum me fac ex omnibus persequentibus me, et libera me. Nequando rapiat ut leo animam meam. dum non est qui redimat, neque qui salvum faciat. Domine, Deus meus, si feci istud, si est iniquitas in manibus meis: Si reddidi retribuentibus mihi mala, decidem merito ab inimicis meis inanis. Persequatur inimicus animam meam, et comprehendat, et conculcet in terra vitam meam, et gloriam meam in pulverem deducat. Exsurge, Domine, in ira tua: et exaltare in finibus inimicorum meorum. Et exsurge, Domine, Deus meus, in praecepto quod mandasti: et synagoga populorum circumdabit te. Et propter hanc in altum regredere: Dominus iudicat populos. Iudica me, Domine, secundum iustitiam meam, et secundum innocentiam meum super me. Consumetur nequitia peccatorum, et diriges iustum, scrutans corda et renes, Deus. Iustum adiutorium meum a Domino, qui salvos facit rectos corde. Deus iudex iustus, fortis, et patiens: numquid irascitur per singulos dies? Nisi conversi fueritis, gladium suum vibrabit: arcum suum tetendit, et paravit illum. Et in eo paravit vasa mortis: sagittas suas ardentibus effecit. Ecce parturiit iniustitiam: concepit dolorem, et peperit iniquitatem. Lacum aperuit, et effodit eum: et incidit in foveam quam fecit. Convertetur dolor eius in caput eius: et in verticem ipsius iniquitas eius descendet. Confitebor Domino secundum iustitiam eius: et psallam nomini Domini altissimi. PSALMUS 11 Salvum me fac, Domine, quoniam defecit sanctus: quoniam diminutae sunt veritates a filiis hominum. Vana locuti sunt unusquisque ad proximum suum: labia dolosa, in corde et corde locuti sunt. Disperdat dominus universa labia dolosa, et linguam magniloquam. Qui dixerunt: Linguam nostram magnificabimus, labia nostra a nobis sunt, quis noster Dominus est? Propter miseriam inopum, et gemitum pauperum, nunc exsurgam, dicit Dominus. Ponam in salutari: fiducialiter agam in eo. Eloquia Domini, eloquia casta: argentum igne examinatuum, probatum terrae purgatum septuplum. Tu, Domine, servabis nos: et custodies nos a generatione hac in aeternum. In circuitu impii ambulant: secundum altitudinam tuam multiplicasti filios hominum. PSALMUS 12 Usquequo, Domine, oblivisceris me in finem? Usquequo avertis faciem tuam a me? Quamdiu ponam consilia in anima mea, dolorem in corde meo per diem? Usquequo exaltabitur inimicus meus super me? respice, et exaudi me, Domine, Deus meus. Illumina oculos meos ne umquam obdormiam in morte: nequando dicat inimicus meus: Praevalui adversus eum. Qui tribulant me, exsultabunt si motus fuero: ego autem in misericordia tua speravi. Exsultabit cor meum in salutari tuo: cantabo Domino qui bona tribuit mihi: et psallam nomini Domini altissimi. PSALMUS 15 Conserva me, Domine, quoniam speravi in te. Dixi Domino: Deus meus es tu, quoniam bonorum meorum non eges. Santis, qui sunt in terra eius, mirificavit omnes voluntates meas in eis. Multiplicatae sunt infirmitates eorum: postea acceleraverunt. Non congregabo conventicula eorum de sanguinibus, nec memor ero nominum eorum per labia mea. Dominus pars hereditatis meae, et calicis mei: tu es, qui restitues hereditatem meam mihi. Funes ceciderunt mihi in praeclaris: etenim hereditas mea praeclara est mihi. Benedicam Dominum, qui tribuit mihi intellectum: insuper et usque ad noctem increpuerunt me renes mei. Providebam Dominum in conspectu meo semper: quoniam a dextris est mihi, ne commovear. Propter hoc laetatum est cor meum, et exsultavit lingua mea: insuper et caro mea requiescet in spe. Quoniam non derelinques animam meam in inferno: nec dabis sanctum tuum videre corruptionem. Notas mihi fecisti vias vitae, adimplebis me laetitia cum vultu tuo: delectationes in dextera tua usque in finem. PSALMUS 22 Dominus regit me, et nihil mihi deerit: in loco pascuae ibi me collocavit. Super aquam refectionis educavit me: animam meam convertit. Deduxit me super semitas iustitiae, propter nomen suum. Nam, et si ambulavero in medio umbrae mortis, non timebo mala: quoniam tu mecum es. Virga tua, et baculus tuus: ipsa me consolata sunt. Parasti in conspectu meo mensam, adversus eos, qui tribulant me. Impinguasti in oleo caput meum: et calix meus inebrians quam praeclarus est! Et misericordia tua subsequetur me omnibus diebus vitae meae: Et ut inhabitem in domo domini, in longitudinem dierum. PSALMUS 33 Benedicam Dominum in omni tempore: semper laus eius in ore meo. In Domino laudabitur anima mea: audiant mansueti, et laetentur. Magnificate Dominum mecum: ex exaltemus nomen eius in idipsum. Exquisivi Dominum, et exaudivit me: et ex omnibus tribulationibus meis eripuit me. Accedite ad eum, et illuminamini: et facies vestrae non confundentur. Iste pauper clamavit, et Dominus exaudivit eum: et de omnibus tribulationibus eius salvavit eum. Immittet Angelus Domini in circuitu timentium eum: et eripiet eos. Gustate, et videte quoniam suavis est Dominus: beatus vir, qui sperat in eo. Timete Dominum, omnes sancti eius: quoniam non est inopia timentibus eum. Divites eguerunt et esurierunt: inquirentes autem Dominum non minuentur omni bono. Venite, filii, audite me: timorem Domini docebo vos. Quis est homo qui vult vitam: diligit dies videre bonos? Prohibe linguam tuam a malo: et labia tua ne loquantur dolum. Diverte a malo, et fac bonum: inquire pacem, et persequere eam. Oculi Domini super iustos: et aures eius in preces eorum. Vultus autem Domini super facientes mala: ut perdat de terra memoriam eorum. Clamaverunt iusti, et Dominus exaudivit eos: et ex omnibus tribulationibus eorum liberavit eos. Iuxta est Dominus iis, qui tribulato sunt corde: et humiles spiritu salvabit. Multae tribulationes iustorum: et de omnibus his liberabit eos Dominus. Custodit Dominus omnia ossa eorum: unum ex his non conteretur. Mors peccatorum pessima: et qui oderunt iustum, delinquent. Redimet Dominus animas servorum suorum: et non delinquent omnes qui sperant in eo. PSALMUS 34 Iudica, Domine, nocentes me, expugna impugnantes me. Apprehende arma et scutum: et exsurge in adiutorium mihi. Effunde frameam, et conclude adversus eos, qui persequuntur me: dic animae meae: Salus tua ego sum. Confundantur et revereantur, quaerentes animam meam. Avertantur retrorsum, et confundantur cogitantes mihi mala. Fiant tamquam pulvis ante faciem venti: et Angelus Domini coarctans eos. Fiat via illorum tenebrae et lubricum: et Angelus Domini persequens eos. Quoniam gratis absconderunt mihi interitum laquei sui: supervace exprobraverunt animam meam. Veniat illi laqueus, quem ignorat: et captio, quam abscondit, apprehendat eum: et laqueum cadat in ipsum. Anima autem meam exsultabit in Domino: et delectabitur super salutari suo. Omnia ossa mea dicent: Domine, quis similis tibi? Eripiens inopem de manu fortiorum eius: egenum et pauperem a diripientibus eum. Surgentes testes iniqui, quae ignorabam interrogabant me. Retribuebant mihi mala pro bonis: sterilitatem animae meae. Ego autem cum mihi molesti essent, induebar cilicio. Humiliabam in ieiunio animam meam: et oratio mea in sinu meo convertetur. Quasi proximum, et quasi fratem nostrum, sic complacebam: quasi lugens et contristatus, sic humiliabar. Et adversum me laetati sunt, et convenerunt: congregata sunt super me flagella, et ignoravi. Dissipati sunt, nec compuncti, tentaverunt me, subsannaverunt me subsannatione: frenduerunt super me dentibus suis. Domine, quando respicies? restitue animam meam a malignitate eorum, a leonibus unicam meam. Confitebor tibi in ecclesia magna, in populo gravi laudabo te. Non supergaudeant mihi qui adversantur mihi inique: qui oderunt me gratis et annuunt oculis. Quoniam mihi quidem pacifice loquebantur: et in iracundia terrae loquentes, dolos cogitabant. Et dilataverunt super me os suum: dixerunt: Euge, euge viderunt oculi nostri. Vidisti, Domine, ne sileas: Domine, ne discedas a me. Exsurge et intende iudicio meo: Deus meus, et Dominus meus in causam meam. Iudica me secundum iustitiam tuam, Domine, Deus meus, et non supergaudeant mihi. Non dicant in cordibus suis: Euge, euge, animae nostrae: nec dicant: Devoravimus eum. Erubescant et revereantur simul, qui gratulantur malis meis. Induantur confusione et reverentia qui magna loquuntur super me. Exsultent et laetentur qui volunt iustitiam meam: et dicant semper: Magnificetur Dominus, qui volunt pacem servi eius. Et lingua mea meditabitur iustitiam tuam, tota die laudem tuam. PSALMUS 35 Dixit iniustus ut delinquat in semetipso: non est timor Dei ante oculos eius. Quoniam dolose egit in conspectu eius: ut inveniatur iniquitas eius ad odium. Verba oris eius iniquitas, et dolus: noluit intellegere ut bene ageret. Iniquitatem meditatus est in cubili suo: astitit omni viae non bonae, malitiam autem non odivit. Domine, in caelo misericordia tua: et veritas tua usque ad nubes. Iustitia tua sicut montes Dei: iudicia tua abyssus multa. Homines, et iumenta salvabis, Domine: quemadmodum multiplicasti misericordiam tuam, Deus. Filii autem hominum, in tegmine alarum tuarum sperabunt. Inebriabuntur ab ubertate domus tuae: et torrente voluptati tuae potabis eos. Quoniam apud te est fons vitae: et in lumine tuo videbimus lumen. Praetende misericordiam tuam scientibus te, et iustitiam tuam his, qui recto sunt corde. Non veniat mihi pes superbiae: et manus peccatoris non moveat me. Ibi ceciderunt qui operantur iniquitatem: expulsi sunt, nec potuerunt stare. PSALMUS 36 Noli aemulari in malignantibus: neque zelaveris facientes iniquitatem. Quoniam tamquam faenum velociter arescent: et quemadmodum olera herbarum cito decident. Spera in Domino, et fac bonitatem: et inhabita terram, et pasceris in divitiis eius. Delectare in Domino: et dabit tibi petitiones cordis tui. Revela Domino viam tuam, et spera in eo: et ipse faciet. Et educet quasi lumen iustitiam tuam: et iudicium tuum tamquam meridiem: subditus esto Domino, et ora eum. Noli aemulari in eo, qui prosperatur in via sua: in homine faciente iniustitias. Desine ab ira, et derelinque furorem: noli aemulari, ut maligneris. Quoniam qui malignantur, exterminabuntur: sustinentes autem Dominum, ipsi hereditabunt terram. Et adhuc pusillum, et non erit peccator: et quaeres locum eius, et non invenies. Mansueti autem hereditabunt terram: et delectabuntur in multitudine pacis. Observabit peccator iustum: et stridebit super eum dentibus suis. Dominus autem irridebit eum: quoniam prospicit quod veniet dies eius. Gladium evaginaverunt peccatores: intenderunt arcum suum, Ut deiciant pauperem in inopem: ut trucident rectos corde. Gladius eorum intret in corda ipsorum: et arcus eorum confringatur. Melius est modicum iusto, super divitias peccatorum multas. Quoniam bracchia peccatorum conterentur: confirmat autem iustos Dominus. Novit Dominus dies immaculatorum: et hereditas eorum in aeternum erit. Non confudentur in tempore malo, et in diebus famis saturabuntur: quia peccatores peribunt. Inimici vero Domini mox ut honorificati fuerint et exaltati: deficientes, quemadmodum fumus deficient. Mutuabitur peccator, et non solvet: iustus autem miseretur et tribuet. Quia benedicentes ei hereditabunt terram: maledicentes autem ei disperibunt. Apud Dominum gressus hominis dirigentur: et viam eius volet. Cum ceciderit, non collidetur: quia Dominus supponit manum suam. Iunior fui, etenim senui: et non vide iustum derelictum, nec semen eius quaerens panem. Tota die miseretur et commodat: et semen illius in benedictione erit. Declina a malo, et fac bonum: et inhabita in saeculum saeculi. Quia Dominus amat iudicium, et non derelinquet sanctos suos: in aeternum conservabuntur. Iniusti punientur: et semen impiorum peribit. Iusti autem hereditabunt terram: et inhabitabunt in saeculum saeculi super eam. Os iusti meditabitur sapientiam, et lingua eius loquetur iudicium. Lex Dei eius in corde ipsius: et non supplantabuntur gressus eius. Considerat peccator iustum, et quaerit mortificare eum. Dominus autem non derelinquet eum in manibus eius: nec damnabit eum, cum iudicabitur illi. Expecta Dominum, et custodi viam eius: et exaltabit te ut hereditate capias terram: cum perierunt peccatores videbis. Vidi impium superexaltatum, et elevatum sicut cedros Libani. Et transivi, et ecce non erat: et quaesivi eum, et non est inventus locus eius. Custodi innocentiam, et vide aequitatem: quoniam sunt reliquiae homini pacifico. Iniusti autem disperibunt simul: reliquiae impiorum interibunt. Salus autem iustorum a Domino: et protector eorum in tempore tribulationis. Et adiuvabit eos Dominus et liberavit eos: et eruet eos a peccatoribus, et salvabit eos: quia speraverunt in eo. PSALMUS 37 Domine, ne in furore tuo arguas me, neque in ira tua corripias me. Quoniam sagittae tuae infixae sunt mihi: et confirmasti super me manum tuam. Non est sanitas in carne mea a facie irae tuae: non est pax ossibus meis a facie peccatorum meorum. Quoniam iniquitates meae supergressae sunt caput meum: et sicut onus grave gravatae sunt super me. Putruerunt et corruptae sunt cicatrices meae, a facie insipientiae meae. Miser factus sum, et curvatus sum usque in finem: tota die contristatus ingrediebar. Quoniam lumbi mei impleti sunt illusionibus: et non est sanitas in carne mea. Afflictus sum, et humiliatus sum nimis: rugiebam a gemitu cordis mei. Domine, ante te omne desiderium meum: et gemitus meus a te non est absconditus. Cor meum conturbatum est, dereliquit me virtus mea: et lumen oculorum meorum, et ipsum non est mecum.Amici mei, et proximi mei adversum me appropinquaverunt, et steterunt. Et qui iuxta me erant, de longe steterunt: et vim faciebant qui quaerebant animam meam. Et qui inquirebant mala mihi, locuti sunt vanitates: et dolos tota die meditabantur. Ego autem tamquam surdus non audiebam: et sicut mutus non aperiens os suum. Et factus sum sicut homo non audiens: et non habens in ore suo redargutiones. Quoniam in te Domine, speravi: tu exaudies me, Domine, Deus meus. Quia dixi: Nequando supergaudeant mihi inimici mei: et dum commoventur pedes mei, super me magna locuti sunt. Quoniam ego in flagella paratus sum: et dolor meus in conspectu meo semper. Quoniam iniquitatem meam annuntiabo: et cogitabo pro peccato meo. Inimici autem mei vivunt, et confirmati sunt super me: et multiplicati sunt qui oderunt me inique. Qui retribuunt mala pro bonis, detrahabant mihi: quoniam sequebar bonitatem. Ne derelinquas me, Domine, Deus meus: ne discesseris a me. Intende in adiutorium meum, Domine, Deus salutis meae. PSALMUS 38 Dixi: Custodiam vias meas: ut non delinquam in lingua mea. Posui ori meo custodiam, cum consisteret peccator adversum me. Obmutui, et humiliatus sum, et silui a bonis: et dolor meus renovatus est. Concaluit cor meum intra me: et in meditatione mea exardescet ignis. Locutus sum in lingua mea: Notum fac mihi, Domine, finem meum, Et numerum dierum meorum quis est: ut sciam quid desit mihi. Ecce mensurabiles posuisti dies meos: et substantia mea tamquam nihilum ante te. Verumtamen universa vanitas, omnis homo vivens. Verumtamem in imagine pertransit homo: sed et frustra conturbatur. Thesaurizat: et ignorat cui congregabit ea. Et nunc quae est expectatio mea? Nonne Dominus? Et substantia mea apud te est. Ab omnibus iniquitatibus meis erue me: opprobrium insipienti dedisti me. Obmutui, et non aperui os meum, quoniam tu fecisti: amove a me plagas tuas. A fortitudine manus tuae ego defeci in increpationibus: propter iniquitatem corripuisti hominem. Et tabescere fecisti sicut araneam animam eius: verumtamen vane conturbatur omnis homo. Exaudi orationem meam, Domine, et deprecationem meam: auribus percipe lacrimas meas. Ne sileas: quoniam advena ego sum apud te, et peregrinus, sicut omnes patres mei. Remitte mihi, ut refrigerer priusquam abeam, et amplius non ero. PSALMUS 42 Iudica me, Deus, et discerne causam meam de gente non sancta, ab homine iniquo et doloso erue me. Quia tu es, Deus, fortitudo mea: quare me repulisti? et quare tristis incedo, dum affligit me inimicus? Emitte lucem tuam et veritatem tuam: ipsa me deduxerunt, et adduxerunt in montem sanctum tuum, et in tabernacula tua. Et introibo ad altare Dei: ad Deum, qui laetificat iuventutem meam. Confitebor tibi in cithara, Deus, Deus meus: quare tristis es, anima mea? et quare conturbas me? Spera in Deo, quoniam adhuc confitebor illi: salutare vultus mei, et Deus meus. PSALMUS 44 Eructavit cor meum verbum bonum: dico ego opera mea Regi. Lingua mea calamus scribae, velociter scribentis. Speciosus forma prae filiis hominum, diffusa est gratia in labiis tuis: propterea benedixit te Deus in aeternum. Accingere gladio tuo super femur tuum, potentissime. Specie tua et pulchritudine tua intende, prospere procede, et regna. Propter veritatem, et mansuetudinem, et iustitiam: et deducet te mirabiliter dextera tua. Sagittae tuae acutae, populi sub te cadent, in corda inimicorum Regis. Sedes tua, Deus, in saeculum saeculi: virga directionis virga regni tui. Dilexisti iustitiam, et odisti iniquitatem: propterea unxit te Deus, Deus tuus, oleo laetitiae prae consortibus tuis. Myrrha, et gutta, et casia a vestimentis tuis, a domibus eburneis: ex quibus delectaverunt te filiae regum in honore tuo. Astitit regina a dextris tuis in vestitu deaurato: circumdata varietate. Audi, filia, et vide, et inclina aurem tuam: et obliviscere populum tuum, et domum patris tui. Et concupiscet Rex decorem tuum: quoniam ipse est Dominus Deus tuus, et adorabunt eum. Et filiae Tyri in muneribus vultum tuum deprecabuntur: omnes divites plebis. Omnis gloria eius filiae Regis ab intus, in fimbriis aureis circumamicta varietatibus. Adducentur Regi virgines post eam: proximae eius afferentur tibi. Afferentur in laetitia et exsultatione: adducentur in templum Regis. Pro patribus tuis nati sunt tibi filii: constitues eos principes super omnem terram. Memores erunt nominis tui: in omni generatione et generationem. Propterea populi confitebuntur tibi in aeternum: et in saeculum saeculi. PSALMUS 45 Deus noster refugium, et virtus: adiutor in tribulationibus, quae invenerunt nos nimis. Propterea non timebimus dum turbabitur terra: et transferentur montes in cor maris. Sonuerunt, et turbatae sunt aquae eorum: conturbati sunt montes in fortitudine eius. Fluminis impetus laetificat civitatem Dei: sanctificavit tabernaculum suum Altissimus. Deus in medio eius, non commovebitur: adiuvabit eam Deus mane diluculo. Conturbatae sunt gentes, et inclinata sunt regna: dedit vocem suam, mota est terra. Dominus virtutum nobiscum: susceptor noster Deus Iacob. Venite, et videte opera Domini, quae posuit prodigia super terram: auferens bella usque ad finem terrae. Arcum conteret, et confringet arma: et scuta comburet igni. Vacate, et videte quoniam ego sum Deus: exaltabor in gentibus, et exaltabor in terra. Dominus virtutum nobiscum: susceptor noster Deus Iacob. PSALMUS 47 Magnus Dominus, et laudabilis nimis in civitate Dei nostri, in monte sancto eius. Fundatur exsultatione universae terrae mons Sion, latera Aquilonis civitas Regis magni. Deus in domibus eius cognoscetur, cum suscipiet eam. Quoniam ecce reges terrae congregati sunt: convenerunt in unum. Ipsi videntes sic admirati sunt, conturbati sunt, commoti sunt: tremor apprehendit eos. Ibi dolores ut parturientis: in spiritu vehementi conteres naves Tharsis. Sicut audivimus, sic vidimus in civitate Domini virtutum, in civitate Dei nostri: Deus fundavit eam in aeternum. Suscepimus, Deus, misericordiam tuam, in medio templi tui. Secundum nomen tuum, Deus, sic et laus tua in fines terrae: iustitia plena est dextera tua. Laetetur mons Sion, et exsultent filiae Iudae, propter iudicia tua, Domine. Circumdate Sion, et complectimini eam: narrate in turribus eius. Ponite corda vestra in virtute eius: et distribuite domos eius. Ponite corda vestra in virtute eius: et distribuite domos eius, ut enarretis in progenie altera. Quoniam hic est Deus, Deus noster in aeternum, et in saeculum saeculi: ipse reget nos in saecula. PSALMUS 48 Audite haec, omnes gentes: auribus percipite omnes, qui habitatis orbem: Quique terrigenae, et filii hominum: simul in unum dives et pauper. Os meum loquetur sapientiam: et meditatio cordis mei prudentiam. Inclinabo in parabolam aurem meam: aperiam in psalterio propositionem meam. Cur timebo in die mala? iniquitas calcanei mei circumdabit me: Qui confidunt in virtute sua: et in multitudine divitiarum suarum gloriantur. Frater non redimit, redimet homo: non dabit Deo placationem suam. Et pretium redemptionis animae suae: et laborabit in aeternum, et vivet adhuc in finem. Non videbit interitum, cum viderit sapientes morientes: simul insipiens, et stultus peribunt. Et relinquent alienis divitias suas: et sepulcra eorum domus illorum in aeternum. Tabernacula eorum in progenie et progenie: vocaverunt nomina sua in terris suis. Et homo, cum in honore esset, non intellexit: comparatus est iumentis insipientibus, et similis factus est illis. Haec via illorum scandalum ipsis: et postea in ore suo complacebunt. Sicut oves in inferno positi sunt: mors depascet eos. Et dominabuntur eorum iusti in matutino: et auxilium eorum veterascet in inferno a gloria eorum. Verumtamen Deus redimet animam meam de manu inferi, cum acceperit me. Ne timueris, cum dives factus fuerit homo: et cum multiplicata fuerit gloria domus eius. Quoniam cum interierit, non sumet omnia: neque descendet cum eo gloria eius. Quia anima eius in vita ipsius benedicetur: confitebitur tibi cum benefeceris ei. Introibit usque in progenies patrum suorum: et usque in aeternum non videbit lumen. Homo, cum in honore esset, non intellexit: comparatus est iumentis insipientibus, et similis factus est illis. PSALMUS 49 Deus deorum, Dominus locutus est: et vocavit terram, A solis ortu usque ad occasum: ex Sion species decoris eius. Deus manifeste veniet: Deus noster et non silebit. Ignis in conspectu eius exardescet: et in circuitu eius tempestas valida. Advocabit caelum desursum: et terram discernere populum suum. Congregate illi sanctos eius: qui ordinant testamentum eius super sacrificia. Et annuntiabunt caeli iustitiam eius: quoniam Deus iudex est. Audi, populus meus, et loquar: Israel, et testificabor tibi: Deus, Deus tuus ego sum. Non in sacrificiis tuis arguam te: holocausta autem tua in conspectu meo sunt semper. Non accipiam de domo tua vitulos: neque de gregibus tuis hircos. Quoniam meae sunt omnes ferae silvarum; iumenta in montibus et boves. Cognovi omnia volatilia caeli: et pulchritudo agri mecum est. Si esuriero, non dicam tibi: meus est enim orbis terrae, et plenitudo eius. Numquid manducabo carnes taurorum? aut sanguinem hircorum potabo? Immola Deo sacrificium laudis: et redde Altissimo vota tua. Et invoca me in die tribulationis: eruam te, et honorificabis me. Peccatori autem dixit Deus: Quare tu enarras iustitias meas, et assumis testamentum meum per os tuum? Tu vero odisti disciplinam: et proiecisti sermones meos retrorsum: Si videbas furem, currebas cum eo: et cum adulteris portionem tuam ponebas. Os tuum abundavit malitia: et lingua tua concinnabat dolos. Sedens adversus fratrem tuum loquebaris, et adversus filium matris tuae ponebas scandalum: haec fecisti, et tacui. Existimasti, inique, quod ero tui similis: arguam te, et statuam contra faciem tuam. Intellegite haec, qui obliviscimini Deum: nequando rapiat, et non sit qui eripiat. Sacrificium laudis honorificabit me: et illic iter, quo ostendam illi salutare Dei. PSALMUS 50 Miserere mei, Deus, secundum magnam misericordiam tuam. Et secundum multitudinem miserationum tuarum, dele iniquitatem meam. Amplius lava me ab iniquitate mea: et a peccato meo munda me. Quoniam iniquitatem meam ego cognosco: et peccatum meum contra me est semper. Tibi soli peccavi et malum coram te feci: ut iustificeris in sermonibus tuis, et vincas cum iudicaris. Ecce enim in iniquitatibus conceptus sum: et in peccatis concepit me mater mea. Ecce enim veritatem dilexisti: incerta et occulta sapientiae tuae manifestasti mihi. Asperges me hyssopo, et mundabor: lavabis me, et super nivem dealbabor. Auditui meo dabis gaudium et laetitiam: et exsultabunt ossa humiliata. Averte faciem tuam a peccatis meis: et omnes iniquitates meas dele. Cor mundum crea in me, Deus: et spiritum rectum innova in visceribus meis. Ne proicias me a facie tua: et spiritum sanctum tuum ne auferas a me. Redde mihi laetitiam salutaris tui: et spiritu principali confirma me. Docebo iniquos vias tuas: et impii ad te convertentur. Libera me de sanguinibus, Deus, Deus salutis meae: et exsultabit lingua mea iustitiam tuam. Domine, labia mea aperies: et os meum annuntiabit laudem tuam. Quoniam si voluisses sacrificium, dedissem utique: holocaustis non delectaberis. Sacrificium Deo spiritus contribulatus: cor contritum et humiliatum, Deus, non despicies. Benigne fac, Domine, in bona voluntate tua Sion: ut aedificentur muri Ierusalem. Tunc acceptabis sacrificium iustitiae, oblationes et holocausta: tunc imponent super altare tuum vitulos. PSALMUS 60 Exaudi, Deus, deprecationem meam: intende orationi meae. A finibus terrae ad te clamavi: dum anxiaretur cor meum, in petra exaltasti me. Deduxisti me, quia factus es spes mea: turris fortitudinis a facie inimici. Inhabitabo in tabernaculo tuo in saecula: protegar in velamento alarum tuarum. Quoniam tu, Deus meus, exaudisti orationem meam: dedisti hereditatem timentibus nomen tuum. Dies super dies regis adicies: annos eius usque in diem generationis et generationis. Permanet in aeternum in conspectu Dei: misericordiam et veritatem eius quis requiret? Sic psalmum dicam nomini tuo in saeculum saeculi: ut reddam vota mea de die in diem. PSALMUS 61 Nonne Deo subiecta erit anima mea? ab ipso enim salutare meum. Nam et ipse Deus meus, et salutaris meus: susceptor meus, non movebor amplius. Quousque irruitis in hominem? interficitis universi vos: tamquam parieti inclinato et maceriae depulsae? Verumtamen pretium meum cogitaverunt repellere, cucurri in siti: ore suo benedicebant, et corde suo maledicebant. Verumtamen Deo subiecta esto, anima mea: quoniam ab ipso patientia mea. Quia ipse Deus meus, et salvator meus: adiutor meus, non emigrabo. In Deo salutare meum, et gloria mea: Deus auxilii mei, et spes mea in Deo est. Sperate in eo, omnis congregatio populi, effundite coram illo corda vestra: Deus adiutor noster in aeternum. Verumtamen vani filii hominum, mendaces filii hominum in stateris: ut decipiant ipsi de vanitate in idipsum. Nolite sperare in iniquitate, et rapinas nolite concupiscere: divitiae si affluant, nolite cor apponere. Semel locutus est Deus, duo haec audivi, quia potestas Dei est, et tibi, Domine, misericordia: quia tu reddes unicuique iuxta opera sua. PSALMUS 62 Deus, Deus meus, ad te de luce vigilo. Sitivit in te anima mea, quam multipliciter tibi caro mea. In terra deserta, et invia, et inaquosa: sic in sancto apparui tibi, ut viderem virtutem tuam, et gloriam tuam. Quoniam melior est misericordia tua super vitas: labia mea laudabunt te. Sic benedicam te in vita mea: et in nomine tuo levabo manus meas. Sicut adipe et pinguedine repleatur anima mea: et labiis exsultationis laudabit os meum. Si memor fui tui super stratum meum, in matutinis meditabor in te: quia fuisti adiutor meus. Et in velamento alarum tuarum exsultabo, adhaesit anima mea post te: me suscepit dextera tua. Ipsi vero in vanum quaesierunt animam meam, introibunt in inferiora terrae: tradentur in manus gladii, partes vulpium erunt. Rex vero laetabitur in Deo, laudabuntur omnes qui iurant in eo: quia obstructum est os loquentium iniqua. PSALMUS 64 Te decet hymnus, Deus, in Sion: et tibi reddetur votum in Ierusalem. Exaudi orationem meam: ad te omnis caro veniet. Verba iniquorum praevaluerunt super nos: et impietatibus nostris tu propitiaberis. Beatus, quem elegisti, et assumpsisti: inhabitabit in atriis tuis. Replebimur in bonis domus tuae: sanctum est templum tuum, mirabile in aequitate. Exaudi nos, Deus, salutaris noster, spes omnium finium terrae, et in mari longe. Praeparans montes in virtute tua, accinctus potentia: qui conturbas profundum maris sonum fluctuum eius. Turbabuntur gentes, et timebunt qui habitant terminos a signis tuis: exitus matutini, et vespere delectabis. Visitasti terram, et inebriasti eam: multiplicasti locupletare eam. Flumen Dei repletum est aquis, parasti cibum illorum: quoniam ita est praeparatio eius. Rivos eius inebria, multiplica genimina eius: in stillicidiis eius laetabitur germinans. Benedices coronae anni benignitatis tuae: et campi tui replebuntur ubertate. Pinguescent speciosa deserti: et exsultatione colles accingentur. Induti sunt arietes ovium, et valles abundabunt frumento: clamabunt, etenim hymnum dicent. PSALMUS 65 Iubilate Deo, omnis terra, psalmum dicite nomini eius: date gloriam laudi eius. Dicite Deo: Quam terribilia sunt opera tua, Domine! in multitudine virtutis tuae mentientur tibi inimici tui. Omnis terra adoret te, et psallat tibi: psalmum dicite nomini tuo. Venite, et videte opera Dei: terribilis in consiliis super filios hominum. Qui convertit mare in aridam, in flumine pertransibunt pede: ibi laetabimur in ipso. Qui dominatur in virtute sua in aeternum, oculi eius super gentes respiciunt: qui exasperant non exaltentur in semetipsis. Benedicite, gentes, Deum nostrum: et auditam facite vocem laudis eius, Qui posuit animam meam ad vitam: et non dedit in commotionem pedes meos. Quoniam probasti nos, Deus: igne nos examinasti, sicut examinatur argentum. Induxisti nos in laqueum, posuisti tribulationes in dorso nostro: imposuisti homines super capita nostra. Transivimus per ignem et aquam: et eduxisti nos in refrigerium. Introibo in domum tuam in holocaustis: reddam tibi vota mea, quae distinxerunt labia mea. Et locutum est os meum, in tribulatione mea. Holocausta medullata offeram tibi cum incenso arietum: offeram tibi boves cum hircis. Venite, audite, et narrabo, omnes qui timetis Deum. Quanta fecit animae meae. Ad ipsum ore meo clamavi, et exaltavi sub lingua mea. Iniquitatem si aspexi in corde meo, non exaudiet Dominus. Propterea exaudivit Deus, et attendit voci deprecationis meae. Benedictus Deus, qui non amovit orationem meam, et misericordiam suam a me. PSALMUS 66 Deus misereatur nostri, et benedicat nobis: illuminet vultum suum super nos, et misereatur nostri. Ut cognoscamus in terra viam tuam: in omnibus gentibus salutare tuum. Confiteantur tibi populi, Deus: confiteantur tibi populi omnes. Laetentur et exsultent gentes: quoniam iudicas populos in aequitate, et gentes in terra dirigis. Confiteantur tibi populi, Deus, confiteantur tibi populi omnes: terra dedit fructum suum. Benedicat nos Deus, Deus noster, benedicat nos Deus: et metuant eum omnes fines terrae. PSALMUS 67 Exsurgat Deus, et dissipentur inimici eius, et fugiant qui oderunt eum, a facie eius. Sicut deficit fumus, deficiant: sicut fluit cera a facie ignis, sic pereant peccatores a facie Dei. Et iusti epulentur, et exsultent in conspectu Dei: et delectentur in laetitia. Cantate Deo, psalmum dicite nomini eius: iter facite ei, qui ascendit super occasum: Dominus nomen illi. Exsultate in conspectu eius: turbabuntur a facie eius, patris orphanorum, et iudicis viduarum. Deus in loco sancto suo: Deus qui inhabitare facit unius moris in domo: Qui educit vinctos in fortitudine, similiter eos, qui exasperant, qui habitant in sepulcris. Deus, cum egredereris in conspectu populi tui, cum pertransires in deserto: Terra mota est, etenim caeli distillaverunt a facie Dei Sinai, a facie Dei Israel. Pluviam voluntariam segregabis, Deus, hereditati tuae: et infirmata est, tu vero perfecisti eam. Animalia tua habitabunt in ea: parasti in dulcedine tua pauperi, Deus. Dominus dabit verbum evangelizantibus, virtute multa. Rex virtutum dilecti dilecti: et speciei domus dividere spolia. Si dormiatis inter medios cleros, pennae columbae deargentatae, et posteriora dorsi eius in pallore auri. Dum discernit caelestis reges super eam, nive dealbabuntur in Selmon: mons Dei, mons pinguis. Mons coagulatus, mons pinguis: ut quid suspicamini montes coagulatos? Mons, in quo beneplacitum est Deo habitare in eo: etenim Dominus habitabit in finem. Currus Dei decem millibus multiplex, millia laetantium: Dominus in eis in Sina in sancto. Ascendisti in altum, cepisti captivitatem: accepisti dona in hominibus: Etenim non credentes, inhabitare Dominum Deum. Benedictus Dominus die cotidie: prosperum iter faciet nobis Deus salutarium nostrorum. Deus noster, Deus salvos faciendi: et Domini Domini exitus mortis. Verumtamen Deus confringet capita inimicorum suorum: verticem capilli perambulantium in delictis suis. Dixit Dominus: Ex Basan convertam, convertam in profundum maris: Ut intingatur pes tuus in sanguine: lingua canum tuorum ex inimicis, ab ipso. Viderunt ingressus tuos, Deus, ingressus Dei mei: regis mei qui est in sancto. Praevenerunt principes coniuncti psallentibus, in medio iuvencularum tympanistriarum. In ecclesiis benedicite Deo Domino, de fontibus Israel. Ibi Beniamin adulescentulus, in mentis excessu. Principes Iuda, duces eorum: principes Zabulon, principes Nephthali. Manda, Deus, virtuti tuae: confirma hoc, Deus, quod operatus es in nobis. A templo tuo in Ierusalem. tibi offerent reges munera. Increpa feras arundinis, congregatio taurorum in vaccis populorum: ut excludant eos, qui probati sunt argento. Dissipa gentes, quae bella volunt: venient legati ex Aegypto: Aethiopia praeveniet manus eius Deo. Regna terrae, cantate Deo: psallite Domino. Psallite Deo, qui ascendit super caelum caeli, ad Orientem. Ecce dabit voci suae vocem virtutis, date gloriam Deo super Israel, magnificentia eius, et virtus eius in nubibus. Mirabilis Deus in sanctis suis, Deus Israel ipse dabit virtutem, et fortitudinem plebi suae, benedictus Deus. PSALMUS 68 Salvum me fac, Deus: quoniam intraverunt aquae usque ad animam meam. Infixus sum in limo profundi: et non est substantia. Veni in altitudinem maris: et tempestas demersit me. Laboravi clamans, raucae factae sunt fauces meae: defecerunt oculi mei, dum spero in Deum meum. Multiplicati sunt super capillos capitis mei, qui oderunt me gratis. Confortati sunt qui persecuti sunt me inimici mei iniuste: quae non rapui, tunc exsolvebam. Deus, tu scis insipientiam meam: et delicta mea a te non sunt abscondita. Non erubescant in me qui expectant te, Domine. Domine virtutum. Non confundantur super me qui quaerunt te, Deus Israel. Quoniam propter te sustinui opprobrium: operuit confusio faciem meam. Extraneus factus sum fratribus meis, et peregrinus filiis matris meae. Quoniam zelus domus tuae comedit me: et opprobria exprobrantium tibi ceciderunt super me. Et operui in ieiunio animam meam: et factum est in opprobrium mihi. Et posui vestimentum meum cilicium: et factus sum illis in parabolam. Adversum me loquebantur, qui sedebant in porta: et in me psallebant qui bibebant vinum. Ego vero orationem meam ad te, Domine: tempus beneplaciti, Deus. In multitudine misericordiae tuae exaudi me, in veritate salutis tuae: Eripe me de luto, ut non infigar: libera me ab iis, qui oderunt me, et de profundis aquarum. Non me demergat tempestas aquae, neque absorbeat me profundum: neque urgeat super me puteus os suum. Exaudi me, Domine, quoniam benigna est misericordia tua: secundum multitudinem miserationum tuarum respice in me. Et ne avertas faciem tuam a puero tuo: quoniam tribulor, velociter exaudi me. Intende animae meae, et libera eam: propter inimicos meos eripe me. Tu scis improperium meum, et confusionem meam, et reverentiam meam. In conspectu tuo sunt omnes qui tribulant me, improperium expectavit cor meum, et miseriam. Et sustinui qui simul contristaretur, et non fuit: et qui consolaretur, et non inveni. Et dederunt in escam meam fel: et in siti mea potaverunt me aceto. Fiat mensa eorum coram ipsis in laqueum, et in retributiones, et in scandalum. Obscurentur oculi eorum ne videant: et dorsum eorum semper incurva. Effunde super eos iram tuam: et furor irae comprehendat eos. Fiat habitatio eorum deserta: et in tabernaculis eorum non sit qui inhabitet. Quoniam quem tu percussisti, persecuti sunt: et super dolorem vulnerum meorum addiderunt. Appone iniquitatem super iniquitatem eorum: et non intrent in iustitiam tuam. Deleantur de libro viventium: et cum iustis non scribantur. Ego sum pauper et dolens: salus tua, Deus, suscepit me. Laudabo nomen Dei cum cantico: et magnificabo eum in laude: Et placebit Deo super vitulum novellum: cornua producentem et ungulas. Videant pauperes et laetentur: quaerite Deum, et vivet anima vestra. Quoniam exaudivit pauperes Dominus: et vinctos suos non despexit. Laudent illum caeli et terra, mare, et omnia reptilia in eis. Quoniam Deus salvam faciet Sion: et aedificabuntur civitates Iuda. Et inhabitabunt ibi, et hereditate acquirent eam. Et semem servorum eius possidebit eam, et qui diligunt nomen eius, habitabunt in ea. PSALMUS 69 Deus, in adiutorium meum intende: Domine, ad adiuvandum me festina. Confundantur et revereantur, qui quaerunt animam meam. Avertantur retrorsum, et erubescant, qui volunt mihi mala. Avertantur statim erubescentes, qui dicunt mihi: Euge, euge. Exsultent et laetentur in te omnes qui quaerunt te, et dicant semper: Magnificetur Dominus: qui diligunt salutare tuum. Ego vero egenus, et pauper sum: Deus, adiuva me. Adiutor meus, et liberator meus es tu: Domine, ne moreris. PSALMUS 70 In te, Domine, speravi, non confundar in aeternum: in iustitia tua libera me, et eripe me. Inclina ad me aurem tuam, et salva me. Esto mihi in Deum protectorem, et in locum munitum: ut salvum me facias, Quoniam firmamentum meum, et refugium meum es tu. Deus meus, eripe me de manu peccatoris, et de manu contra legem agentis et iniqui: Quoniam tu es patientia mea, Domine: Domine, spes mea a iuventute mea. In te confirmatus sum ex utero: de ventre matris meae tu es protector meus. In te cantatio mea semper: tamquam prodigium factus sum multis: et tu adiutor fortis. Repleatur os meum laude, ut cantem gloriam tuam: tota die magnitudinem tuam. Ne proicias me in tempore senectutis: cum defecerit virtus mea, ne derelinquas me. Quia dixerunt inimici mei mihi: et qui custodiebant animam meam, consilium fecerunt in unum, Dicentes: Deus dereliquit eum, persequimini, et comprehendite eum: quia non est qui eripiat. Deus ne elongeris a me: Deus meus, in auxilium meum respice. Confundantur, et deficiant detrahentes animae meae: operiantur confusione, et pudore qui quaerunt mala mihi. Ego autem semper sperabo: et adiciam super omnem laudem tuam. Os meum annuntiabit iustitiam tuam: tota die salutare tuum. Quoniam non cognovi litteraturam, introibo in potentias Domini: Domine, memorabor iustitiae solius. Deus, docuisti me a iuventute mea: et usque nunc pronuntiabo mirabilia tua. Et usque in senectam et senium: Deus, ne derelinquas me, Donec annuntiem bracchium tuum generationi omni, quae ventura est: Potentiam tuam, et iustitiam tuam, Deus, usque in altissima, quae fecisti magnalia: Deus, quis similis tibi? Quantas ostendisti mihi tribulationes multas et malas: et conversus vivificasti me: et de abyssis terrae iterum reduxisti me: Multiplicasti magnificentiam tuam: et conversus consolatus es me. Nam et ego confitebor tibi in vasis psalmi veritatem tuam: Deus psallam tibi in cithara, Sanctus Israel. Exsultabunt labia mea cum cantavero tibi: et anima mea, quam redemisti. Sed et lingua mea tota die meditabitur iustitiam tuam: cum confusi et reverti fuerint, qui quaerunt mala mihi. PSALMUS 77 Attendite, popule meus, legem meam: inclinate aurem vestram in verba oris mei. Aperiam in parabolis os meum: loquar propositiones ab initio. Quanta audivimus et cognovimus ea: et patres nostri narraverunt nobis. Non sunt occultata a filiis eorum, in generatione altera. Narrantes laudes Domini, et virtutes eius, et mirabilia eius, quae fecit. Et suscitavit testimonium in Iacob: et legem posuit in Israel. Quanta mandavit patribus nostris nota facere ea filiis suis: ut cognoscat generatio altera. Filii qui nascentur et exsurgent, et narrabunt filiis suis, Ut ponant in Deo spem suam, et non obliviscantur operum Dei: et mandata eius exquirant. Ne fiant sicut patres eorum: generatio prava et exasperans. Generatio, quae non direxit cor suum: et non est creditus cum Deo spiritus eius. Filii Ephrem intendentes et mittentes arcum: conversi sunt in die belli. Non custodierunt testamentum Dei: et in lege eius noluerunt ambulare. Et obliti sunt benefactorum eius. et mirabilium eius quae ostendit eis. Coram patribus eorum fecit mirabilia in terra Aegypti, in campo Taneos. Interrupit mare, et perduxit eos: et statuit aquas quasi in utre. Et deduxit eos in nube diei: et tota nocte in illuminatione ignis. Interrupit petram in eremo: et adaquavit eos velut in abysso multa. Et eduxit aquam de petra: et deduxit tamquam flumina aquas. Et apposuerunt adhuc peccare ei: in iram excitaverunt Excelsum in inaquoso. Et tentaverunt Deum in cordibus suis, ut peterent escas animabus suis. Et male locuti sunt de Deo: dixerunt: Numquid poterit Deus parare mensam in deserto? Quoniam percussit petram, et fluxerunt aquae, et torrentes inundaverunt. Numquid et panem poterit dare, aut parare mensam populo suo? Ideo audivit Dominus, et distulit: et ignis accensus est in Iacob, et ira ascendit in Israel: Quia non crediderunt in Deo, nec speraverunt in salutari eius: Et mandavit nubibus desuper, et ianuas caeli aperuit. Et pluit illis manna ad manducandum, et panem caeli dedit eis. Panem Angelorum manducavit homo, cibaria misit eis in abundantia. Transtulit Austrum de caelo: et induxit in virtute sua Africum. Et pluit super eos sicut pulverem carnes: et sicut arenam maris volatilia pennata. Et ceciderunt in medio castrorum eorum: circa tabernacula eorum. Et manducaverunt, et saturati sunt nimis, et desiderium eorum attulit eis: non sunt fraudati a desiderio suo. Adhuc escae eorum erant in ore ipsorum: et ira Dei ascendit super eos. Et occidit pingues eorum, et electos Israel impedivit. In omnibus his peccaverunt adhuc: et non crediderunt in mirabilibus eius. Et defecerunt in vanitate dies eorum: et anni eorum cum festinatione. Cum occideret eos, quaerebant eum: et revertebantur, et diluculo veniebant ad eum. Et rememorati sunt quia Deus adiutor est eorum: et Deus excelsus redemptor eorum est. Et dilexerunt eum in ore suo, et lingua sua mentiti sunt ei: Cor autem eorum non erat rectum cum eo: nec fideles habiti sunt in testamento eius. Ipse autem est misericors, et propitius fiet peccatis eorum: et non disperdet eos. Et abundavit ut averteret iram suam: et non accendit omnem iram suam: Et recordatus est quia caro sunt: spiritus vadens, et non rediens. Quoties exacerbaverunt eum in deserto, in iram concitaverunt eum in inaquoso? Et conversi sunt, et tentaverunt Deum: et Sanctum Israel exacerbaverunt. Non sunt recordati manus eius, die qua redemit eos de manu tribulantis. Sicut posuit in Aegypto signa sua, et prodigia sua in campo Taneos. Et convertit in sanguinem flumina eorum, et imbres eorum, ne biberent. Misit in eos coenomyiam, et comedit eos: et ranam, et disperdidit eos. Et dedit aerugini fructus eorum, et labores eorum locustae. Et occidit in grandine vineas eorum, et moros eorum in pruina. Et tradidit grandini iumenta eorum: et possessionem eorum igni. Misit in eos iram indignationis suae: indignationem, et iram, et tribulationem: immissiones per angelos malos. Viam fecit semitae irae suae, non pepercit a morte animabus eorum: et iumenta eorum in morte conclusit. Et percussit omne primogenitum in terra Aegypti: primitias omnis laboris eorum in tabernaculis Cham. Et abstulit sicut oves populum suum: et perduxit eos tamquam gregem in deserto. Et perduxit eos in spe, et non timuerunt: et inimicos eorum operuit mare. Et induxit eos in montem sanctificationis suae, montem, quem acquisivit dextera eius. Et eiecit a facie eorum gentes: et sorte divisit eis terram in funiculo distributionis. Et habitare fecit in tabernaculis eorum tribus Israel. Et tentaverunt, et exacerbaverunt Deum excelsum: et testimonia eius non custodierunt. Et averterunt se, et non servaverunt pactum: quemadmodum patres eorum, conversi sunt in arcum pravum. In iram concitaverunt eum in collibus suis: et in sculptilibus suis ad aemulationem eum provocaverunt. Audivit Deus, et sprevit: et ad nihilum redegit valde Israel. Et repulit tabernaculum Silo, tabernaculum suum, ubi habitavit in hominibus. Et tradidit in captivitatem virtutem eorum: et pulchritudinem eorum in manus inimici. Et conclusit in gladio populum suum: et hereditatem suam sprevit. Iuvenes eorum comedit ignis: et virgines eorum non sunt lamentatae. Sacerdotes eorum in gladio ceciderunt: et viduae eorum non plorabantur. Et excitatus est tamquam dormiens Dominus, tamquam potens crapulatus a vino. Et percussit inimicos suos in posteriora: opprobrium sempiternum dedit illis. Et repulit tabernaculum Ioseph: et tribum Ephraim non elegit: Sed elegit tribum Iuda, montem Sion quem dilexit. Et aedificavit sicut unicornium sanctificium suum in terra, quam fundavit in saecula. Et elegit David, servum suum, et sustulit eum de gregibus ovium: de post foetantes accepit eum, Pascere Iacob, servum suum, et Israel, hereditatem suam: Et pavit eos in innocentia cordis sui: et in intellectibus manuum suarum deduxit eos. PSALMUS 78 Deus, venerunt gentes in hereditatem tuam, polluerunt templum sanctum tuum: posuerunt Ierusalem in pomorum custodiam. Posuerunt morticina servorum tuorum, escas volatilibus caeli: carnes sanctorum tuorum bestiis terrae. Effuderunt sanguinem eorum tamquam aquam in circuitu Ierusalem: et non erat qui sepeliret. Facti sumus opprobrium vicinis nostris: subsannatio et illusio his, qui in circuitu nostro sunt. Usquequo, Domine, irasceris in finem: accendetur velut ignis zelus tuus? Effunde iram tuam in gentes, quae te non noverunt: et in regna, quae nomen tuum non invocaverunt: Quia comederunt Iacob: et locum eius desolaverunt: Ne memineris iniquitatum nostrarum antiquarum, cito anticipent nos misericordiae tuae: quia pauperes facti sumus nimis. Adiuva nos, Deus, salutaris noster: et propter gloriam nominis tui, Domine, libera nos: et propitius esto peccatis nostris, propter nomen tuum: Ne forte dicant in gentibus: Ubi est Deus eorum? et innotescat in nationibus coram oculis nostris. Ultio sanguinis servorum tuorum, qui effusus est: introeat in conspectu tuo gemitus compeditorum. Secundum magnitudinem bracchii tui, posside filios mortificatorum. Et redde vicinis nostris septulum in sinu eorum: improperium ipsorum, quod exprobaverunt tibi, Domine. Nos autem populus tuus, et oves pascuae tuae, confitebimur tibi in saeculum. In generationem et generationem annuntiabimus laudem tuam. PSALMUS 80 Exsultate Deo, adiutori nostro: iubilate Deo Iacob. Sumite psalmum, et date tympanum: psalterium iucundum cum cithara. Buccinate in Neomenia tuba, in insigni die solemnitatis vestrae. Quia praeceptum in Israel est: et iudicium Deo Iacob. Testimonium in Ioseph posuit illud, cum exiret de terra Aegypti: linguam, quam non noverat, audivit. Divertit ab oneribus dorsum eius: manus eius in cophino servierunt. In tribulatione invocasti me, et liberavi te: exaudivi te in abscondito tempestatis: probavi te apud aquam contradictionis. Audi, populus meus, et contestabor te: Israel, si audieris me, non erit in te deus recens, neque adorabis deum alienum. Ego enim sum Dominus Deus tuus, qui eduxi te de terra Aegypti: dilata os tuum, et implebo illud. Et non audivit populus meus vocem meam: et Israel non intendit mihi. Et dimisi eos secundum desideria cordis eorum, ibunt in adinventionibus suis. Si populus meus audisset me: Israel si in viis meis ambulasset: Pro nihilo forsitan inimicos eorum humiliassem: et super tribulantes eos misissem manum meam. Inimici Domini mentiti sunt ei: et erit tempus eorum in saecula. Et cibavit eos ex adipe frumenti: et de petra, melle saturavit eos. PSALMUS 82 Deus, quis similis erit tibi? Ne taceas, neque compescaris, Deus: Quoniam ecce inimici tui sonuerunt: et qui oderunt te, extulerunt caput. Super populum tuum malignaverunt consilium: et cogitaverunt adversus sanctos tuos. Dixerunt: Venite, et disperdamus eos de gente: et non memoretur nomen Israel ultra. Quoniam cogitaverunt unanimiter: simul adversum te testamentum disposuerunt, tabernacula Idumaeorum et Ismahelitae: Moab, et Agareni, Gebal, et Ammon, et Amalec: alienigenae cum habitantibus Tyrum. Etenim Assur venit cum illis: facti sunt in adiutorium filiis Lot. Fac illis sicut Madian, et Sisarae: sicut Iabin in torrente Cisson. Disperierunt in Endor: facti sunt ut stercus terrae. Prone principes eorum sicut Oreb, et Zeb, et Zebee, et Salmana: Omnes principes eorum: qui dixerunt: Hereditate possideamus Sanctuarium Dei. Deus meus, pone illos ut rotam: et sicut stipulam ante faciem venti. Sicut ignis, qui comburit silvam: et sicut flamma comburens montes: Ita persequeris illos in tempestate tua: et in ira tua turbabis eos. Imple facies eorum ignominia: et quaerent nomen tuum, Domine. Erubescant, et conturbentur in saeculum saeculi: et confundantur et pereant. Et cognoscant quia nomen tibi Domius: tu solus Altissimus in omni terra. PSALMUS 84 Benedixisti, Domine, terram tuam: avertisti captivitatem Iacob. Remisisti iniquitatem plebis tuae: operuisti omnia peccata eorum. Mitigasti omnem iram tuam: avertisti ab ira indignationis tuae. Converte nos, Deus, salutaris noster: et averte iram tuam a nobis. Numquid in aeternum irasceris nobis? aut extendes iram tuam a generatione in generationem? Deus, tu conversus vivificabis nos: et plebs tua laetabitur in te. Ostende nobis, Domine, misericordiam tuam: et salutare tuum da nobis. Audiam quid loquatur in me Dominus Eius: quoniam loquetur pacem in plebem suam. Et super sanctos suos: et in eos qui convertuntur ad cor. Verumtamen prope timentes eum salutare ipsius: ut inhabitet gloria in terra nostra. Misericordia et veritas obviaverunt sibi: iustitia et pax osculatae sunt. Veritas de terra orta est: et iustitia de caelos prospexit. Etenim Dominus dabit benignitatem: et terra nostra dabit fructum suum. Iustitia ante eum ambulabit: et ponet invia gressus suos. PSALMUS 89 Domine, refugium factus es nobis. a generatione in generationem. Priusquam montes fierent, aut formaretur terra et orbis: a saeculo et usque in saeculum tu es, Deus. Ne avertas hominem in humilitatem: et dixisti: Convertimini, filii hominum. Quoniam mille anni ante oculos tuos, tamquam dies hesterna, quae praeteriit, Et custodia in nocte, quae pro nihilo habentur, eorum anni erunt. Mane sicut herba transeat, mane floreat, et transeat: vespere decidat, induret et arescat. Quia defecimus in ira tua, et in furore tuo turbati sumus. Posuisti iniquitates nostras in conspectu tuo: saeculum nostrum in illuminatione vultus tui. Quoniam omnes dies nostri defecerunt: et in ira tua defecimus. Anni nostri sicut aranea meditabuntur: dies annorum nostrorum in ipsis, septuaginta anni. Si autem in potentatibus, octoginta anni: et amplius eorum, labor et dolor. Quoniam supervenit mansuetudo: et corripiemur. Quis novit potestatem irae tuae: et prae timore tuo iram tuam dinumerare? Dexteram tuam sic notam fac: et eruditos corde in sapientia. Convertere, Domine, usquequo? et deprecabilis esto super servos tuos. Repleti sumus mane misericordia tua: et exsultavimus, et delectati sumus omnibus diebus nostris. Laetati sumus pro diebus, quibus nos humiliasti: annis, quibus vidimus mala. Respice in servos tuos, et in opera tua: et dirige filios eorum. Et sit splendor Domini, Dei nostri, super nos, et opera manuum nostrarum dirige super nos: et opus manuum nostrarum dirige. PSALMUS 92 Dominus regnavit, decorem indutus est: indutus est Dominus fortitudinem, et praecinxit se. Etenim firmavit orbem terrae, qui non commovebitur. Parata sedes tua ex tunc: a saeculo tu es. Elevaverunt flumina, Domine: elevaverunt flumina vocem suam. Elevaverunt flumina fluctus suos, a vocibus aquarum multarum. Mirabiles elationes maris: mirabiles in altis Dominus Testimonia tua credibilia facta sunt nimis: domum tuam decet sanctitudo, Domine, in longitudinem dierum. PSALMUS 94 Venite, exultemus Domino, iubilemus Deo, salutari nostro: praeoccupemus faciem eius in confessione, et in psalmis iubilemus ei. Quoniam Deus magnus Dominus, et Rex magnus super omnes deos: quoniam non repellet Dominus plebem suam: quia in manu eius sunt omnes fines terrae, et altitudines montium ipse conspicit. Quoniam ipsius est mare, et ipse fecit illud, et aridam fundaverunt manus eius: Venite, adoremus, et procidamus ante deum: ploremus coram Domino, qui fecit nos, quia ipse est Dominus Deus noster; nos autem populus eius, et oves pascuae eius. Hodie, si vocem eius audieritis, nolite obdurare corda vestra, sicut in exacerbatione secundum diem tentationis in deserto: ubi tentaverunt me patres vestri, probaverunt et viderunt opera mea. Quadraginta annis proximus fui generationi huic, et dixi: Semper hi errant corde; ipsi vero non cognoverunt vias meas: quibus iuravi in ira mea: Si introibunt in requiem meam. PSALMUS 94 Cantate Domino canticum novum: quia miribilia fecit. Salvavit sibi dextera eius: et bracchium sanctum eius. Notum fecit Dominus salutare suum: in conspectu gentium revelavit iustitiam suam. Recordatus est misericordiae suae, et veritatis suae domui Israel. Viderunt omnes termini terrae salutare Dei nostri. Iubilate Deo, omnis terra: cantate, et exsultate, et psallite. Psallite Domino in cithara, in cithara et voce psalmi: in tubis ductilibus, et voce tubae corneae. Iubilate in conspectu regis Domini: moveatur mare, et plenitudo eius: orbis terrarum, et qui habitant in eo. Flumina plaudent manu, simul montes exsultabunt a conspectu Domini: quoniam venit iudicare terram. Iudicabit orbem terrarum in iustitia, et populos in aequitate. PSALMUS 95 Cantate Domino canticum novum: cantate Domino, omnis terra. Cantate Domino, et benedicite nomini eius: annuntiate de die in diem salutare eius. Annuntiate inter gentes gloriam eius, in omnibus populis mirabilia eius. Quoniam magnus Dominus, et laudabilis nimis: terribilis est super omnes deos. Quoniam omnes dii gentium daemonia: Dominus autem caelos fecit. Confessio et pulchritudo in conspectu eius: sanctimonia et magnificentia in sanctificatione eius. Afferte Domino, patriae gentium, afferte Domino gloriam et honorem: afferte Domino gloriam nomini eius. Tollite hostias, et introite in atria eius: adorate Dominum in atrio sancto eius. Commoveatur a facie eius universa terra: dicite in gentibus quia Dominus regnavit. Etenim correxit orbem terrae qui non commovebitur: iudicabit populos in aequitate. Laetentur caeli, et exsultet terra: commoveatur mare, et plenitudo eius: gaudebunt campi, et omnia quae in eis sunt. Tunc exsultabunt omnia ligna silvarum a facie Domini, qui venit: quoniam venit iudicare terram. Iudicabit orbem terrae in aequitate, et populos in veritate sua. PSALMUS 96 Dominus regnavit, exsultet terra: laetentur insulae multae. Nubes, et caligo in circuitu eius: iustitia, et iudicium correctio sedis eius. Ignis ante ipsum praecedet, et inflammabit in circuitu inimicos eius. Illuxerunt fulgura eius orbi terrae: vidit, et commota est terra. Montes, sicut cera fluxerunt a facie Domini: a facie Domini omnis terra. Annuntiaverunt caeli iustitiam eius: et viderunt omnes populi gloriam eius. Confundantur omnes, qui adorant sculptilia: et qui gloriantur in simulacris suis. Adorate eum, omnes Angeli eius: audivit et laetata est Sion. Et exsultaverunt filiae Iudae, propter iudicia tua, Domine: Quoniam tu Dominus Altissimus super omnem terram: nimis exaltatus es super omnes deos. Qui diligitis Dominum, odite malum: custodit Dominus animas sanctorum suorum, et manu peccatoris liberabit eos. Lux orta est iusto, et rectis corde laetitia. Laetamini, iusti, in Domino: et confitemini memoriae sanctificationis eius. PSALMUS 97 Cantate Domino canticum novum: quia miribilia fecit. Salvavit sibi dextera eius: et bracchium sanctum eius. Notum fecit Dominus salutare suum: in conspectu gentium revelavit iustitiam suam. Recordatus est misericordiae suae, et veritatis suae domui Israel. Viderunt omnes termini terrae salutare Dei nostri. Iubilate Deo, omnis terra: cantate, et exsultate, et psallite. Psallite Domino in cithara, in cithara et voce psalmi: in tubis ductilibus, et voce tubae corneae. Iubilate in conspectu regis Domini: moveatur mare, et plenitudo eius: orbis terrarum, et qui habitant in eo. Flumina plaudent manu, simul montes exsultabunt a conspectu Domini: quoniam venit iudicare terram. Iudicabit orbem terrarum in iustitia, et populos in aequitate. PSALMUS 98 Dominus regnavit, irascantur populi: qui sedet super Cherubim, moveatur terra. Dominus in Sion magnus: et excelsus super omnes populos. Confiteantur nomini tuo magno: quoniam terribile, et sanctum est: et honor regis iudicium diligit. Tu parasti directiones: iudicium et iustitiam in Iacob tu fecisti. Exaltate Dominum Deum nostrum, et adorate scabellum pedum eius: quoniam sanctum est. Moyses et Aaron in sacerdotibus eius: et Samuel inter eos, qui invocant nomen ius: Invocabant Dominum, et ipse exaudiebat eos: in columna nubis loquebatur ad eos. Custodiebant testimonia eius, et praeceptum quod dedit illis. Domine Deus noster, tu exaudiebas eos: Deus, tu propitius fuisti eis, et ulciscens in omnes adinventiones eorum. Exaltate Dominum Deum nostrum, et adorate in monte sancto eius: quoniam sanctus Dominus Deus noster. PSALMUS 99 Iubilate Deo, omnis terra: servite Domino in laetitia. Introite in conspectu eius, in exsultatione. Scitote quoniam Dominus ipse est Deus: ipse fecit nos, et non ipsi nos. Populus eius, et oves pascuae eius: introite portas eius in confessione, atria eius in hymnis: confitemini illi. Laudate nomen eius: quoniam suavis est Dominus, in aeternum misericordia eius, et usque in generationem et generationem veritas eius. PSALMUS 100 Misericordiam, et iudicium cantabo tibi, Domine: Psallam, et intellegam in via immaculata, quando venies ad me. Perambulabam in innocentia cordis mei, in medio domus meae. Non proponebam ante oculos meos rem iniustam: facientes praevaricationes odivi. Non adhaesit mihi cor pravum: declinantem a me malignum non cognoscebam. Detrahentem secreto proximo suo, hunc persequebar. Superbo oculo, et insatiabili corde, cum hoc non edebam. Oculi mei ad fideles terrae ut sedeant mecum: ambulans in via immaculata, hic mihi ministrabat. Non habitabit in medio domus meae qui facit superbiam: qui loquitur iniqua, non direxit in conspectu oculorum meorum. In matutino interficiebam omnes peccatores terrae: ut disperderem de civitate Domini omnes operantes iniquitatem. PSALMUS 114 Dilexi, quoniam exaudiet Dominus vocem orationis meae. Quia inclinavit aurem suam mihi: et in diebus meis invocabo. Circumdederunt me dolores mortis: et pericula inferni invenerunt me. Tribulationem et dolorem inveni: et nomen Domini invocavi. O Domine, libera animam meam: misericors Dominus, et iustus, et Deus noster miseretur. Custodiens parvulos Dominus: humiliatus sum, et liberavit me. Convertere, anima mea, in requiem tuam: quia Dominus benefecit tibi. Quia eripuit animam meam de morte: oculos meos a lacrimis, pedes meos a lapsu. Placebo Domino in regione vivorum. PSALMUS 115 Credidi, propter quod locutus sum: ego autem humiliatus sum nimis. Ego dixi in excessu meo: Omnis homo mendax. Quid retribuam Domino, pro omnibus, quae retribuit mihi? Calicem salutaris accipiam: et nomen Domini invocabo. Vota mea Domino reddam coram omni populo eius: pretiosa in conspectu Domini mors sanctorum eius: O Domine, quia ego servus tuus: ego servus tuus, et filius ancillae tuae. Dirupisti vincula mea: tibi sacrificabo hostiam laudis, et nomen Domini invocabo. Vota mea Domino reddam in conspectu omnis populi eius: in atriis domus Domini, in medio tui, Ierusalem. PSALMUS 118 .... Legem pone mihi, Domine, viam iustificationum tuarum: et exquiram eam semper. Da mihi intellectum, et scrutabor legem tuam: et custodiam illam in toto corde meo. Deduc me in semitam mandatorum tuorum: quia ipsam volui. Inclina cor meum in testimonia tua: et non in avaritiam. Averte oculos meos ne videant vanitatem: in via tua vivifica me. Statue servo tuo eloquium tuum, in timore tuo. Amputa opprobrium meum quod suspicatus sum: quia iudicia tua iucunda. Ecce concupivi mandata tua: in aequitate tua vivifica me. Et veniat super me misericordia tua, Domine: salutare tuum secundum eloquium tuum. Et respondebo exprobrantibus mihi verbum: quia speravi in sermonibus tuis. Et ne auferas de ore meo verbum veritatis usquequaque: quia in iudiciis tuis supersperavi. Et custodiam legem tuam semper: in saeculum et in saeculum saeculi. Et ambulabam in latitudine: quia mandata tua exquisivi. Et loquebar in testimoniis tuis in conspectu regum: et non confundebar. Et meditabar in mandatis tuis, quae dixi. Et levavi manus meas ad mandata tua, quae dilexi: et exercebar in iustificationibus tuis. Memor esto verbi tui servo tuo, in quo mihi spem dedisti. Haec me consolata est in humilitate mea: quia eloquium tuum vivificavit me. Superbi inique agebant usquequaque: a lege autem tua non declinavi. Memor fui iudiciorum tuorum a saeculo, Domine: et consolatus sum. Defectio tenuit me, pro peccatoribus derelinquentibus legem tuam. Cantabiles mihi erant iustificationes tuae, in loco peregrinationis meae. Memor fui nocte nominis tui, Domine: et custodivi legem tuam. Haec facta est mihi: quia iustificationes tuas exquisivi. Portio mea, Domine, dixi custodire legem tuam. Deprecatus sum faciem tuam in toto corde meo: miserere mei secundum eloquium tuum. Cogitavi vias meas: et converti pedes meos in testimonia tua. Paratus sum, et non sum turbatus: ut custodiam mandata tua. Funes peccatorum circumplexi sunt me: et legem tuam non sum oblitus. Media nocte surgebam ad confitendum tibi, super iudicia iustificationis tuae. Particeps ego sum omnium timentium te: et custodientium mandata tua. Misericordia tua, Domine, plena est terra: iustificationes tuas doce me. Bonitatem fecisti cum servo tuo, Domine, secundum verbum tuum. Bonitatem, et disciplinam, et scientiam doce me: quia mandatis tuis credidi. Priusquam humiliarer ego deliqui: propterea eloquium tuum custodivi. Bonus es tu: et in bonitate tua doce me iustificationes tuas. Multiplicata est super me iniquitas superborum: ego autem in toto corde meo scrutabor mandata tua. Coagulatum est sicut lac cor eorum: ego vero legem tuam meditatus sum. Bonum mihi quia humiliasti me: ut discam iustificationes tuas. Bonum mihi lex oris tui, super millia auri et argenti. Manus tuae fecerunt me, et plasmaverunt me: da mihi intellectum, et discam mandata tua. Qui timent te videbunt me, et laetabuntur: quia in verba tua supersperavi. Cognovi, Domine, quia aequitas iudicia tua; et in veritate tua humiliasti me. Fiat misericordia tua ut consoletur me, secundum eloquium tuum servo tuo. Veniant mihi miserationes tuae, et vivam: quia lex tua meditatio mea est. Confundantur superbo, qui iniuste iniquitatem fecerunt in me: ego autem exercebor in mandatis tuis. Convertantur mihi timentes te: et qui noverunt testimonia tua. Fiat cor meum immaculatum in iustificationibus tuis, ut non confundar. PSALMUS 119 Ad Dominum cum tribularer clamavi: et exaudivit me. Domine, libera animam meam a labiis iniquis, et a lingua dolosa. Quid detur tibi, aut quid apponatur tibi ad linguam dolosam? Sagittae potentis acutae, cum carbonibus desolatoriis. Heu mihi, qui incolatus meus prolongatus est: habitavi cum habitantibus Cedar: multum incola fuit anima mea. Cum his, qui oderunt pacem, eram pacificus: cum loquebar illis, impugnabant me gratis. PSALMUS 120 Levavi oculos meos in montes, unde veniet auxilium mihi. Auxilium meum a Domino, qui fecit caelum et terram. Non det in commotionem pedem tuum: neque dormitet qui custodit te. Ecce non dormitabit neque dormiet, qui custodit Israel. Dominus custodit te, Dominus protectio tua, super manum dexteram tuam. Per diem sol non uret te: neque luna per noctem. Dominus custodit te ab omni malo: custodiat animam tuam Dominus. Dominus custodiat introitum tuum, et exitum tuum: ex hoc nunc, et usque in saeculum. PSALMUS 121 Laetatus sum in his, quae dicta sunt mihi: In domum Domini ibimus. Stantes erant pedes nostri, in atriis tuis, Ierusalem. Ierusalem, quae aedificatur ut civitas: cuius participatio eius in idipsum. Illuc enim ascenderunt tribus, tribus Domini: testimonium Israel ad confitendum nomini Domini. Quia illic sederunt sedes in iudicio, sedes super domum David. Rogate quae ad pacem sunt Ierusalem: et abundantia diligentibus te: Fiat pax in virtute tua: et abundantia in turribus tuis. Propter fratres meos, et proximos meos, loquebar pacem de te: Propter domum Domini Dei nostri, quaesivi bona tibi. PSALMUS 122 Ad te levavi oculos meos, qui habitas in caelis. Ecce, sicut oculi servorum in manibus dominorum suorum, Sicut oculi ancillae in manibus dominae suae: ita oculi nostri ad Dominum Deum nostrum, donec misereatur nostri. Miserere nostri, Domine, miserere nostri: quia multum repleti sumus despectione: Quia multum repleta est anima nostra; opprobrium abundantibus, et despectio superbis. PSALMUS 123 Nisi quia Dominus erat in nobis, dicat nunc Israel: nisi quia Dominus erat in nobis, Cum exsurgerent homines in nos, forte vivos deglutissent nos: Cum irasceretur furor eorum in nos, forsitan aqua absorbuisset nos. Torrentem pertransivit anima nostra: forsitan pertransisset anima nostra aquam intolerabilem. Benedictus Dominus qui non dedit nos in captionem dentibus eorum. Anima nostra sicut passer erepta est de laqueo vanantium. Laqueus contritus est, et nos liberati sumus. Adiutorium nostrum in nomine Domini, qui fecit caelum et terram. PSALMUS 124 Qui confidunt in Domino, sicut mons Sion: non commovebitur in aeternum, qui habitat in Ierusalem. Montes in circuitu eius: et Dominus in circuitu populi sui, ex hoc nunc et usque in saeculum. Quia non relinquet Dominus virgam peccatorum super sortem iustorum: ut non extendant iusti ad iniquitatem manus suas. Benefac, Domine, bonis, et rectis corde. Declinantes autem in obligationes adducet Dominus cum operantibus iniquitatem: pax super Israel. PSALMUS 125 In convertendo Dominus captivitatem Sion: facti sumus sicut consolati: Tunc repletum est gaudio os nostrum: et lingua nostra exsultatione. Tunc dicent inter gentes: Magnificavit Dominus facere cum eis. Magnificavit Dominus facere nobiscum: facti sumus laetantes. Converte, Domine, captivitatem nostram, sicut torrens in Austro. Qui seminant in lacrimis, in exsultatione metent. Euntes ibant et flebant, mittentes semina sua. Venientes autem venient cum exsultatione, portantes manipulos suos. PSALMUS 126 Nisi Dominus aedificaverit domum, in vanum laboraverunt qui aedificant eam. Nisi Dominus custodierit civitatem, frustra vigilat qui custodit eam. Vanum est vobis ante lucem surgere: surgite postquam sederitis, qui manducatis panem doloris. Cum dederit dilectis suis somnum: ecce hereditas Domini filii: merces, fructus ventris. Sicut sagittae in manu potentis: ita filii excussorum. Beatus vir qui implevit desiderium suum ex ipsis: non confundetur cum loquetur inimicis suis in porta. PSALMUS 127 Beati omnes, qui timent Dominum, qui ambulant in viis eius. Labores manuum tuarum qui manducabis: beatus es, et bene tibi erit. Uxor tua sicut vitis abundans, in lateribus domus tuae. Filii tui sicut novellae olivarum, in circuitu mensae tuae. Ecce sic benedicetur homo, qui timet Dominum. Benedicat tibi Dominus ex Sion: et videas bona Ierusalem omnibus diebus vitae tuae. Et videas filios filiorum tuorum: pacem super Israel. PSALMUS 128 Saepe expugnaverunt me a iuventute mea, dicat nunc Israel: Saepe expugnaverunt me a iuventute mea: etenim non potuerunt mihi. Supra dorsum meum fabricaverunt peccatores: prolongaverunt iniquitatem suam. Dominus iustus concidit cervices peccatorum: confundantur et convertantur retrorsum omnes, qui oderunt Sion. Fiant sicut faenum tectorum: quod priusquam evellatur exaruit: De quo non implevit manum suam qui metit, et sinum suum qui manipulos colligit. Et non dixerunt qui praeteribant: Benedictio Domini super vos: benediximus vobis in nomine Domini. PSALMUS 129 De profundis clamavi ad te, Domine: Domine, exaudi vocem meam: Fiant aures tuae intendentes, in vocem deprecationis meae. Si iniquitates observaveris, Domine: Domine, quis sustinebit? Quia apud te propitiatio est: et propter legem tuam sustinui te, Domine. Sustinuit anima mea in verbo eius: speravit anima mea in Domino. A custodia matutina usque ad noctem: speret Israel in Domino. Quia apud Dominum misericordia: et copiosa apud eum redemptio. Et ipse redimet Israel, ex omnibus iniquitatibus eius. PSALMUS 130 Domine, non est exaltatum cor meum: neque elati sunt oculi mei. Neque ambulavi in magnis: neque in mirabilibus super me. Si non humiliter sentiebam: sed exaltavi animam meam: Sicut ablactatus est super matre sua, ita retributio in anima mea. Speret Israel in Domino, ex hoc nunc et usque in saeculum. PSALMUS 131 Memento, Domine, David, et omnis mansuetudinis eius: Sicut iuravit Domino, Votum vovit Deo Iacob: Si introiero in tabernaculum domus meae, si ascendero in lectum strati mei: Si dedero somnum oculis meis, et palpebris meis dormitationem: Et requiem temporibus meis: donec inveniam locum Domino, tabernaculum Deo Iacob. Ecce audivimus eam in Ephrata: invenimus eam in campis silvae. Introibimus in tabernaculum eius: adorabimus in loco, ubi steterunt pedes eius. Surge, Domine, in requiem tuam, tu et arca sanctificationis tuae. Sacerdotes tui induantur iustitiam: et sancti tui exsultent. Propter David, servum tuum, non avertas faciem Christi tui. Iuravit Dominus David veritatem, et non frustrabitur eam: De fructu ventris tui ponam super sedem tuam. Si custodierint filii tui testamentum meum, et testimonia mea haec, quae docebo eos: Et filii eorum usque in saeculum, sedebunt super sedem tuam. Quoniam elegit Dominus Sion: elegit eam in habitationem sibi. Haec requies mea in saeculum saeculi: hic habitabo quoniam elegi eam. Viduam eius benedicens benedicam: pauperes eius saturabo panibus. Sacerdotes eius induam salutari: et sancti eius exsultatione exsultabunt. Illuc producam cornu David, paravi lucernam Christo meo. Inimicos eius induam confusione: super ipsum autem efflorebit sanctificatio mea. PSALMUS 132 Ecce quam bonum et quam iucundum, habitare fratres in unum: Sicut unguentum in capite, quod descendit in barbam, barbam Aaron, Quod descendit in oram vestimenti eius: sicut ros Hermon, qui descendit in montem Sion. Quoniam illic mandavit Dominus benedictionem, et vitam usque in saeculum. PSALMUS 134 Laudate nomen Domini, laudate, servi, Dominum. Qui statis in domo Domini, in atriis domus Dei nostri. Laudate Dominum, qui bonus Dominus: psallite nomini eius, quoniam suave. Quoniam Iacob elegit sibi Dominus, Israel in possessionem sibi. Quia ego cognovi quod magnus est Dominus, et Deus noster prae omnibus diis. Omnia quaecumque voluit, Dominus fecit in caelo et in terra, in mari, et in omnibus abyssis. Educens nubes ab extremo terrae: fulgura in pluviam fecit. Qui producit ventos de thesauris suis: qui percussit primogenita Aegypti ab homine usque ad pecus. Et misit signa, et prodigia in media tui, Aegypte: in Pharaonem, et in omnes servis eius. Qui percussit gentes multas: et occidit reges fortes: Sehon, regem Amorrhaeorum, et Og, regem Basan, et omnia regna Chanaan. Et dedit terram eorum hereditatem, hereditatem Israel, populo suo. Domine, nomen tuum in aeternum: Domine, memoriale tuum in generationem et generationem. Quia iudicabit Dominus populum suum: et in servis suis deprecabitur. Simulacra gentium argentum, et aurum, opera manuum hominum. Os habent, et non loquentur: oculos habent, et non videbunt. Aures habent, et non audient: neque enim est spiritus in ore ipsorum. Similes illis fiant qui faciunt ea: et omnes qui confidunt in eis. Domus Israel, benedicite Domino: domus Aaron, benedicite Domino. Domus Levi, benedicite Domino: qui timetis Dominum, benedicite Domino. Benedictus Dominus ex Sion, qui habitat in Ierusalem. PSALMUS 135 Confitemini Domino quoniam bonus: quoniam in aeternum misericordia eius. Confitemini Deo deorum: quoniam in aeternum misericordia eius. Confitemini Domino dominorum: quoniam in aeternum misericordia eius. Qui facit mirabilia magna solus: quoniam in aeternum misercordia eius. Qui fecit caelos in intellectu: quoniam in aeternum misercordia eius. Qui firmavit terram super aquas: quoniam in aeternum misericordia eius. Qui fecit luminaria magna: quoniam in aeternum misercordia eius. Solem in potestatem diei: quoniam in aeternum misercordia eius. Lunam, et stellas in potestatem noctis: quoniam in aeternum misercordia eius. Qui percussit Aegyptum cum primogenitis eorum: quoniam in aeternum misericordia eius. Qui eduxit Israel de medio eorum: quoniam in aeternum misericordia eius. In manu potenti, et bracchio excelso: quoniam in aeternum misericordia eius. Qui divisit Mare Rubrum in divisiones: quoniam in aeternum misericordia eius. Et eduxit Israel per medium eius: quoniam in aeternum misericordia eius. Et excussit Pharaonem, et virtutem eius in Mari Rubro: quoniam in aeternum misericordia eius. Qui traduxit populum suum per desertum: quoniam in aeternum misericordia eius. Qui percussit reges magnos: quoniam in aeternum misericordia eius. Et occidit reges fortes: quoniam in aeternum misericordia eius. Sehon, regem Amorrhaeorum: quoniam in aeternum misericordia eius. Et Og, regem Basan: quoniam in aeternum misericordia eius. Et dedit terram eorum hereditatem: quoniam in aeternum misericordia eius. Hereditatem Israel, servo suo: quoniam in aeternum misericordia eius. Quia in humilitate nostra memor fuit nostri: quoniam in aeternum misericordia eius. Et redemit nos ab inimicis nostris: quoniam in aeternum misericordia eius. Qui dat escam omni carni: quoniam in aeternum misericordia eius. Confitemini Deo caeli: quoniam in aeternum misericordia eius. Confitemini Domino dominorum: quoniam in aeternum misericordia eius. PSALMUS 136 Super flumina Babylonis, illic sedimus et flevimus: cum recordaremur Sion: In salicibus in medio eius, suspendimus organa nostra. Quia illic interrogaverunt nos, qui captivos duxerunt nos, verba cantionum: Et qui abduxerunt nos: Hymnum cantate nobis de canticis Sion. Quomodo cantabimus canticum Domini in terra aliena? Si oblitus fuero tui, Ierusalem, oblivioni detur dextera mea. Adhaereat lingua mea faucibus meis, si non meminero tui: Si non proposuero Ierusalem, in principio laetitiae meae. Memor esto, Domine, filiorum Edom, in die Ierusalem: Qui dicunt: Exinanite, exinanite usque ad fundamentum in ea. Filia Babylonis misera: beatus, qui retribuet tibi retributionem tuam, quam retribuisti nobis. Beatus, qui tenebit, et allidet parvulos tuos ad petram. PSALMUS 137 Confitebor tibi, Domine, in toto corde meo: quoniam audisti verba oris mei. In conspectu Angelorum psallam tibi: adorabo ad templum sanctum tuum, et confitebor nomini tuo. Super misericordia tua, et veritate tua: quoniam magnificasti super omne, nomen sanctum tuum. In quacumque die invocavero te, exaudi me: multiplicabis in anima mea virtutem. Confiteantur tibi, Domine, omnes reges terrae: quia audierunt omnia verba oris tui: Et cantent in viis Domini: quoniam magna est gloria Domini. Quoniam excelsus Dominus, et humilia respecit: et alta a longe cognoscit. Si ambulavero in medio tribulationis, vivificabis me: et super iram inimicorum meorum extendisti manum tuam, et salvum me fecit dextera tua. Dominus retribuet pro me: Domine, misericordia tua in saeculum: opera manuum tuarum ne despicias. PSALMUS 142 Domine, exaudi orationem meam: auribus percipe obsecrationem meam in veritate tua: exaudi me in tua iustitia. Et non intres in iudicium cum servo tuo: quia non iustificabitur in conspectu tuo omnis vivens. Quia persecutus est inimicus animam meam: humiliavit in terra vitam meam. Collocavit me in obscuris sicut mortuos saeculi: et anxiatus est super me spiritus meus, in me turbatum est cor meum. Memor fui dierum antiquorum, mediatus sum in omnibus operibus tuis: in factis manuum tuarum meditabar. Expandi manus meas ad te: anima mea sicut terra sine aqua tibi. Velociter exaudi me, Domine: defecit spiritus meus. Non avertas faciem tuam a me: et similis ero descendentibus in lacum. Auditam fac mihi mane misericordiam tuam: quia in te speravi. Notam fac mihi viam in qua ambulem: quia ad te levavi anima mea. Eripe me de inimicis meis, Domine, ad te confugi: doce me facere voluntatem tuam, qui Deus meus es tu. Spiritus tuus bonus deducet me in terram rectam: propter nomen tuum, Domine, vivificabis me, in aequitate tua. Educes de tribulatione animam meam: et in misericordia tua disperdes inimicos meos. Et perdes omnes, qui tribulant animam meam: quoniam ego servus tuus sum. PSALMUS 145 Lauda, anima mea, Dominum, laudabo Dominum in vita mea: psallam Deo meo quamdiu fuero. Nolite confidere in principibus: in filiis hominum, in quibus non est salus. Exibit spiritus eius, et revertetur in terram suam: in illa die peribunt omnes cogitationes eorum. Beatus, cuius Deus Iacob adiutor eius, spes eius in Domino Deo ipsius: qui fecit caelum et terram, mare, et omnia, quae in eis sunt. Qui custodit veritatem in saeculum, facit iudicium iniuriam patientibus: dat escam esurientibus. Dominus solvit compeditos: Dominus illuminat caecos. Dominus erigit elisos, Dominus diligit iustos. Dominus custodit advenas, pupillum et viduam suscipiet: et vias peccatorum disperdet. Regnabit Dominus in saecula, Deus tuus, Sion, in generationem et generationem. PSALMUS 146 Laudate Dominum quoniam bonus est psalmus: Deo nostro sit iucunda, decoraque laudatio. Aedificans Ierusalem Dominus: dispersiones Israelis congregabit. Qui sanat contritos corde: et alligat contritiones eorum. Qui numerat multitudinem stellarum: et omnibus eis nomina vocat. Magnus Dominus noster, et magna virtus eius: et sapientiae eius non est numerus. Suscipiens mansuetos Dominus: humilians autem peccatores usque ad terram. Praecinite Domino in confessione: psallite Deo nostro in cithara. Qui operit caelum nubibus: et parat terrae pluviam. Qui producit in montibus faenum: et herbam servituti hominum. Qui dat iumentis escam ipsorum: et pullis corvorum invocantibus eum. Non in fortitudine equi voluntatem habebit: nec in tibiis viri beneplacitum erit ei. Beneplacitum est Domino super timentes eum: et in eis, qui sperant super misericordia eius. PSALMUS 147 Lauda, Ierusalem, Dominum: lauda Deum tuum, Sion. Quoniam confortavit seras portarum tuarum: benedixit filiis tuis in te. Qui posuit fines tuos pacem: et adipe frumenti satiat te. Qui emittit eloquium suum terrae: velociter currit sermo eius. Qui dat nivem sicut lanam: nebulam sicut cinerem spargit. Mittit crystallum suam sicut buccellas: ante faciem frigoris eius quis sustinebit? Emittet verbum suum et liquefaciet ea: flabit spiritus eius et fluent aquae. Qui annuntiat verbum suum Iacob: iustitias et iudicia sua Israel. Non fecit taliter omni nationi: et iudicia sua non manifestavit eis. PSALMUS 148 Laudate Dominum de caelis: laudate eum in excelsis. Laudate eum, omnes Angeli eius: laudate eum, omnes virtutes eius. Laudate eum, sol et luna: laudate eum, omnes stellae et lumen. Laudate eum, caeli caelorum: et aquae omnes, quae super caelos sunt, laudent nomen Domini. Quia ipse dixit, et facta sunt: ipse mandavit, et creata sunt. Statuit ea in aeternum, et in saeculum saeculi: praeceptum posuit, et non praeteribit. Laudate Dominum de terra, dracones, et omnes abyssi. Ignis, grando, nix, glacies, spiritus procellarum: quae faciunt verbum eius: Montes, et omnes colles: ligna fructifera, et omnes cedri. Bestiae, et universa pecora: serpentes, et voulcres pennatae: Reges terrae, et omnes populi: principes, et omnes iudices terrae. Iuvenes, et virgines: senes cum iunioribus laudent nomen Domini: quia exaltatum est nomen ius solius. Confessio eius super caelum et terram: et exaltavit cornu populi sui. Hymnus omnibus sanctis eius: filiis Israel, populo appropinquanti sibi. ================================================================= EX MISSALI ROMANI DIE 25 DECEMBRIS IN NATIVITATE DOMINI Ad Primam Missam In Nocte Statio ad S. Mariam Majorem ad Praesepe INTROITUS Ps. 2; 7 et 1 Dominus dixit ad me: Filius gigno, gignere, genui: to beget meus es tu, ego hodie genui hodie: today (adv.) te. Quare fremuerunt gentes: quare: why et populi meditati sunt fremo, fremere, fremui: to rage inania? gens, gentis (f): nation meditati sunt: pondered inanis, -e: vain (what are the gender, number, and case?) LECTIO EPISTOLAE BEATI PAULI APOSTOLI AD TITUM Tit. 2, 11-15 Carissime: Apparuit gratia appareo, apparere, apparui: to Dei Salvatoris nostri omnibus appear hominibus, erudiens nos, ut carissime: most beloved (what abnegantes impietatem, et is the case?) saecularia desideria, sobrie, erudiens: instructing et juste, et pie vivamus in ut: in order that hoc saeculo, expectantes beatam abnegantes: rejecting spem, et adventum gloriae magni saecularis, -e: worldly Dei et Salvatoris nostri Jesu vivamus: we might live (subj.) Christi: qui dedit semetipsum saeculum, -i (n.): age pro nobis: ut nos redimeret ab expectantes: awaiting omni iniquitate, et mundaret spem: hope (acc.) sibi populum acceptabilem, adventum: arrival sectatorem bonorum operum. semetipsum = se Haec loquere, et exhortare: redimeret: he might redeem in Christo Jesu Domino nostro. mundaret: he might cleanse sectator, -is (m.): follower opus, operis (n.): work loquere: speak (imperative) exhortare (imperative) GRADUALE Ps. 109, 3 et 1 Tecum principium in die Sc. erat virtutis tuae: in splendoribus uter, uteris (m.): womb sanctorum, ex utero ante Lucifer, Luciferi (m.): luciferum genui te. Dixit morning star Dominus Domino meo: Sede a sedeo, sedere, sedi: to sit dextris meis: donec ponam donec ponam: until I put inimicos tuos, scabellum pedum down tuorum. scabellum: stool pes, pedis (m): foot SEQUENTIA SANCTI EVANGELII SECUNDUM LUCAM Luc. 2, 1-4 In illo tempore: Exiit edictum In illo tempore: what would a Caesare Augusto, ut this be in classical Latin? describeretur universus orbis. exiit: went out Haec descriptio prima facta est describeretur: might be enrolled a praeside Syriae Cyrino: et facta est: was made ibant omnes ut profiterentur ut profiterentur: in order to singuli in suam civitatem. set out Ascendit autem et Joseph a praeses, -idis (m.): governor Galilaea de civitate Nazareth, ibant: they were going (tense?) in Judaeam in civitatem David, singuli: each one quae vocatur Bethlehem: eo quod ascendo, ascendere, ascendi: esset de domo et familia David, went up ut profiteretur cum Maria et: also (as adverb) desponsata sibi uxore quae vocatur: which is called praegnante. eo quod esset: because he was domus, domi: house desponsata: espoused uxor, uxoris (f.): wife praegnans, -antis: pregnant Factum est autem, cum factum est: it happened essent ibi, impleti sunt cum essent: when they were dies ut pareret. Et peperit impleti sunt dies ut pareret: filium suum primogenitum, et the days were fulfilled that pannis eum involvit, et she should give birth reclinavit eum in praesepio: pario, parere, peperi: to give quia non erat eis locus in birth to diversorio. primogenitus, -a, -um: first-born pannus, -i (m.): rags involvo, involvere, involvi: to wrap reclino (1): lay down praesepium, -i (n.): manger quia: because diversorium, -i (n.): inn Et pastores erant pastor, -ris (m.): shepherd in regione eadem vigilantes, et vigilantes: staying awake custodientes vigilias noctis custodientes: keeping super gregem suum. Et ecce nox, noctis (f): night Angelus Domini stetit juxta vigilia, -ae (f.): watch illos, et claritas Dei grex, gregis (m.): flock circumfulsit illos, et sto, stare, steti: to stand timuerunt timore magno. Et juxta: beside (prep. w/acc.) dixit illis Angelus: Nolite claritas: brilliance timere: ecce enim evangelizo circumfulgo, -ere, -fulsi: vobis gaudium magnum, quod erit to shine around omni populo: quia natus est nolite: don't (w/infinitive) vobis hodie Salvator, qui est evangelizo (1): to announce Christus Dominus, in civitate gaudium, -ii (n): joy David. Et hoc vobis signum: quod: which Invenietis infantem pannis natus est: was born involutum, et positum in qui: who praesepio. Et subito facta est hoc: sc. erit cum Angelo multitudo militiae involutum: wrapped caelestis, laudantium Deum, et positum: placed dicentium: Gloria in altissimis subito: suddenly Deo, et in terra pax hominibus facta est = fuit bonae voluntatis. militia, -ae (f.): army caelestis, -e: heavenly laudantium: praising (gen. pl.) dicentium: saying (gen. pl.) altissimis: supply locis (through Wheelock XV) CANTICUM IEREMIAE Audite verbum Domini, gentes, et annuntiate in insulis, quae procul sunt, Et dicite: Qui dispersit Isra, congregabit eum: et custodiet eum sicut pastor gregem suum. Redemit enim Dominus Iacob, et liberavit eum de manu potentioris. Et venient, et laudabunt in monte Sion: et confluent ad bona Domini. Super frumento, et vino, et oleo, et foetu pecorum et armentorum: Eritque anima eorum quasi hortus irriguus, et ultra non esurient. Tunc laetabitur virgo in choro, iuvenes et senes simul: Et convertam luctum eorum in gaudium, et consolabor eos, et laetificabo a dolore suo. Et inebriabo animam sacerdotum pinguedine: et populus meus bonis meis adimplebitur. CANTICUM ISAIAE Vere tu est Deus absconditus, Deus Israel, Salvator. Confusi sunt et erubuerunt omnes: simul abierunt in confusionem fabricatores errorum. Israel salvatus est in Domino salute aeterna: non confundemini, et non erubescetis usque in saeculum saeculi. Quia haec dicit Dominus creans caelos, ipse Deus formans terram, et faciens eam, ipse plastes eius: Non in vanum creavit eam, ut habitaretur formavit eam: Ego Dominus, et non est alius. Non in absondito locutus sum, in loco terrae tenebroso: Non dixi semini Iacob frustra: Quaerite me: ego Dominus loquens iustitiam, annuntians recta. Congregamini, et venite, et accedite simul qui salvati estis ex gentibus: Nescierunt qui levant lignum sculpturae suae, et rogant deum non salvantem. Annuntiate, et venite, et consiliamini simul: Quis auditum fecit hoc ab initio, et tunc praedixit illud? Numquid non ego Dominus et non est ultra Deus absque me? Deus iustus, et salvans non est praeter me. Convertimini ad me, et salvi eritis, omnes fines terrae: quia ego Deus, et non est alius. In memetipso iuravi, egredietur de ore meo iustitiae verbum, et non revertetur: Quia mihi curvabitur omne genu, et iurabit omnis lingua. Ergo in Domino, dicet, meae sunt iustitiae et imperium: ad eum venient, et confundentur omnes qui repugnant ei. In Domino iustificabitur et laudabitur omne semen Israel. CANTICUM TRIUM PUERORUM Benedicite, omnia opera Domini, Domino: laudate et superexaltate eum in saecula. Benedicite, Angeli Domini, Domino: benedicite, caeli, Domino. Benedicite, aquae omnes, quae super caelos sunt, Domino: benedicite, omnes virtutes Domini, Domino. Benedicite, sol et luna, Domino: benedicite, stellae caeli, Domino. Benedicite, omnis imber et ros, Domino: benedicite omnes spiritus Dei, Domino. Benedicite, ignis et aestus, Domino: benedicite, frigus et aestus, Domino. Benedicite, rores et pruina, Domino: benedicite, gelu et frigus, Domino. Benedicite, glacies et nives, Domino: benedicite, noctes et dies, Domino. Benedicite, lux et tenebrae, Domino: benedicite, fulgura et nubes, Domino. Benedicat terra Dominum: laudet et superexaltet eum in saecula. Benedicite, montes et colles, Domino: benedicite, universa germinantia in terra, Domino. Benedicite, fontes, Domino: benedicite, maria et flumina, Domino. Benedicite, cete, et omnia, quae moventur in aquis, Domino: benedicite, omnes volucres caeli, Domino. Benedicite, omnes bestiae et pecora, Domino: benedicite, filii hominum, Domino. Benedicat Israel Dominum: laudet et superexaltet eum in saecula. Benedicite, sacerdotes Domini, Domino: benedicite, servi Domini, Domino. Benedicite, spiritus, et animae iustorum, Domino: benedicite, sancti, et humiles corde, Domino. Benedicite, Anania, Azaria, Misael, Domino: laudate et superexaltate eum in saecula. Benedictus es, Domine, in firmamento caeli: et laudabilis, et gloriosus, et superexaltatus in saecula. CANTICUM ZACHARIAE Benedictus Dominus, Deus Israel, quia visitavit, et fecit redemptionem plebis suae: Et erexit cornu salutis nobis: in domo David, pueri sui. Sicut locutus est per os sanctorum, qui a saeculo sunt, prophetarum eius: Salutem ex inimicis nostris, et de manu omnium, qui oderunt nos: Ad faciendam misericordiam cum patribus nostris: et memorari testamenti sui sancti. Iusiurandum, quod iuravit ad Abraham, patrem nostrum, daturum se nobis: Ut sine timore, de manu inimicorum nostrorum liberati, serviamus illi. In sanctitate, et iustitia coram ipso, omnibus diebus nostris. Et tu, puer, Propheta Altissimi vocaberis: praeibis enim ante faciem Domini parare vias eius: Ad dandam scientiam salutis plebi eius: in remissionem peccatorum eorum: Per viscera misericordiae Dei nostri: in quibus visitavit nos, oriens ex alto: Illuminare his, qui in tenebris, et in umbra mortis sedent: ad dirigendos pedes nostros in via pacis. EX BREVARIO ROMANO DIE 20 SEPTEMBRIS SANCTORUM EUSTACHII ET SOCII, MARTYRUM Eustachius, qui et Placidus, genere, opibus et militari gloria inter Romanos insignis, sub Traiano imperatore magistri militum titulum meruit. Cum vero sese aliquando in venatione exerceret ac fugientem mirae magnitudinis cervum insequeretur, vidit repente inter consistentis ferae cornua excelsam atque fulgentem Christi Domini e cruce pendentis imaginem. Cuius voce ad immortalis vitae praedam invitatus, una cum uxore Theopista ac duobus parvulis filiis Agapito et Theopisto, christianae militiae nomen dedit. Mox ad visionis pristinae locum, sicut ei Dominus praeceperat regressus, illum praenuntiantem audivit quanta sibi deinceps, pro eius gloria, perferenda essent. Quocirca incredibiles calamitates mira patientia perpessus, brevi in summam egestatem redactus est. Cumque clam se subducere cogeretur, in itinere coniugem primum, deinde etiam liberos sibi miserabiliter ereptos ingemuit. Tantis obvolutus aerumnis, in regione longinqua villicum agens longo tempore delituit, donec, caelesti voce recreatus ac nova occasione a Traiano conquisitus, iterum bello praeficitur. Illa in expeditione, liberis simul cum uxore insperato receptis, victor Urbem ingenti omnium gratulatione ingreditur. Sed paulo post inanibus diis pro parta victoria sacrificare iussus, constantissime renuit. Cumque variis artibus ad Christi fidem eiurandam frustra tentaretur, una cum uxore et liberis, leonibus obiicitur. Horum mansuetudine concitatus imperator, aeneum in taurum subiectis flammis candentem eos immiti iubet, ubi divinis in laudibus consummato martyrio, duodecimo Kalendas Octobris ad sempiternam felicitatem convolarunt. Quorum illaesa corpora, religiose a fidelibus sepulta, postmodum ad ecclesiam eorum nomine erectam honorifice translata sunt. HYMNUS AMBROSIANUS Te Deum laudamus: te Dominum confitemur. Te aeternum Patrem omnis terra veneratur. Tibi omnes Angeli, tibi Caeli et universae Potestates: Tibi Cherubim et Seraphim incessabili voce proclamant: Sanctus, Sanctus, Sanctus Dominus, Deus Sabaoth. Pleni sunt caeli et terra maiestatis gloriae tuae. Te gloriosus Apostolorum chorus, Te Prophetarum laudabilis numerus, Te Martyrum candidatus laudat exercitus. Te per orbem terrarum sancta confitetur Ecclesia, Patrem immensae maiestatis; Venerandum tuum verum et unicum Filium; Sanctum quoque Paraclitum Spiritum. Tu Rex gloriae, Christe. Tu Patris sempiternus es Filius. Tu, ad liberandum suscepturus hominem, non horruisti Virginis uterum. Tu, devicto mortis aculeo, aperuisti credentibus regna caelorum. Tu ad dexteram Dei sedes, in gloria Patris. Iudex crederis esse venturus. Te ergo quaesumus, tuis famulis subveni, quos pretioso sanguine redemisti. Aeterna fac cum Sanctis tuis in gloria numerari. Salvum fac populum tuum, Domine, et benedic hereditati tuae. Et rege eos, et extolle illos usque in aeternum. Per singulos dies benedicimus te; Et laudamus nomen tuum in saeculum, et in saeculum saeculi. Dignare, Domine, die isto sine peccato nos custodire. Miserere nostri, Domine, miserere nostri. Fiat misericordia tua, Domine, super nos, quemadmodum speravimusin te. In te, Domine speravi: non confundar in aeternum. HYMNUS Iesu, corona celsior Et veritas sublimior, Qui confitenti servulo Reddis perenne praemium Da supplicanti coetui, Huius rogatu, noxii Remissionem criminis Rumpendo nexum vinculi. Anni reverso tempore, Dies refulsit lumine, Quo Sanctus hic de corpore Migravit inter sidera. Hic, vana terrae gaudia Et luculenta praedia Polluta sorde deputans, Ovans tenet caelestia. Te, Christe, Rex piissime, Hic confitendo iugiter, Calcavit artes daemonum Saevumque avernis principem. Virtute clarus et fide, Confessione sedulus, Ieiuna membra deferens, Dapes supernas obtinet. Proinde te, piissime, Precamur omnes supplices, Nobis ut huius gratia Poenas remittas debitas. Patri perennis gloria, Natoque Patris unico, Sanctoque sit Paraclito, Per omne semper saeculum. HYMNUS Iesu, corona Virginum, Quem Mater illa concipit, Quae sola Virgo parturit, Haec vota clemens accipe: Qui pergis inter lilia, Septus choreis Virginum, Sponsus decorus gloria Sponsisque reddens praemia. Quocumque tendis, Virgines Sequuntur, atque laudibus Post te canentes cursitant, Hymnosque dulces personant; Te deprecamur supplices, Nostris ut addas sensibus Nescire prorsus omnia Corruptionis vulnera. Virtus, honor, laus, gloria, Deo Patri cum Filio, Sancto simul Paraclito, In saeculorum saecula. HYMNUS Invicte Martyr, unicum Patris secutus Filium, Victis triumphas hostibus, Victor fruens caelestibus. Tui precatus munere Nostrum reatum dilue, Arcens mali contagium, Vitae repellens taedium. Soluta sunt iam vincula Tui sacrati corporis: Nos solve vinclis saeculi, Dono supernis Numinis. Deo Patri sit gloria, Eiusque soli Filio, Cum Spiritu Paraclito, Nunc, et per omne saeculum. HYMNUS Iste Confessor Domini, colentes Quem pie laudant populi per orbem, Hac die laetus meruit supremos Laudis honores. Qui pius, prudens, humilis, pudicus, Sobriam duxit sine labe vitam, Donec humanos animavit aurae Spiritus artus. Cuius ob praestans meritum, frequenter, Aegra quae passim iacuere membra, Viribus morbi domitis, saluti Restituuntur. Noster hinc illi chorus obsequentem Concinit laudem celebresque palmas Ut piis eius precibus iuvemur Omne per aevum. Sit salus illi, decus atque virtus, Qui, super caeli solio coruscans, Totius mundi seriem gubernat Trinus et unus. HYMNUS Virginis Proles Opifexque Matris, Virgo quem gessit, peperitque Virgo; Virginis festum canimus beatae, Accipe votum. Huius oratu, Deus alme, nobis Debitas poenas scelerum remitte; Ut tibi puro resonemus almum Pectore carmen. Sit decus Patri, genitaeque Proli, Et tibi, compar utriusque virtus, Spiritus semper, Deus unus, omni Temporis aevo. ================================================================= The Confessions, Book I, Chapters 1-6 "Coming to Know God" By St. Augustine ------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- The Confessions, Book I, Chapters 1-6 "Coming to Know God" Translated by William Watts (1631) Presented in Transparent Language ---------------------------------- ====================================== The Confessions: "Coming to Know God" ====================================== St. Augustine (A.D. 354-430) has been called the greatest poet of the early Church. The Confessions, though written in prose, has a boundless lyrical quality, at once full of emotion, charm, intimacy, devotion, sincerity, and insight. The work sets forth St. Augustine's personal pilgrimage to faith through the operation of the divine upon him. Outside of the Bible itself, St. Augustine's works are arguably Western Christianity's most influential, having had a pronounced influence not only upon late antiquity but also upon the mediaeval and modern periods -- to the present day. Aurelius Augustinus was born in North Africa of a middle-class pagan father and Christian mother (St. Monica). At 16 he was studying in Carthage, where he led, according to his own characterization, an immoral life with a woman who bore him an illegitimate son. Early on, he was attracted to the Manichees, an heretical Christian sect that taught both a good and evil principle in creation. At 30 he accepted a post as professor of rhetoric at Milan, where he fell under the influence of the city's bishop, St. Ambrose. Two years later he converted to Christianity. At 41 he became Bishop of Hippo in North Africa and continued in that see for 35 years, where he founded a religious community under a rule of his own authorship. He died at Hippo during the successful siege by the Vandals. St. Augustine's literary output was voluminous, including philosophical tracts, dogmatic and apologetic works, commentaries on the Psalms and other Biblical books, and moral treatises. Other than the Confessions, his best known and influential work is De Civitate Dei (The City of God), in which he upholds the divine social order over the secular. St. Augustine is considered to be the best stylist of all the Christian writers, his Latin being strongly influenced by Cicero, but blending simplicity with ornateness, and colloquialism with elevated language. His unique style, often condensed in phrase and formless in syntax, is truly untranslatable and can be fully appreciated only in the original Latin. William Watts' translation, used as the Interpretive Translation, is the version as revised and published in the Loeb Classical Library series. Originally written in 1631, it is beginning to show its age, but offers a full treatment of the original. In the Word Translation box, I have tried to stay close to Watts' translation of individual words, but have departed in several instances where I felt a more literal or contemporary translation would be more preferable. In the Phrase Translation box, I have tried to identify the basic sentence and phrase structures, a task that has been made the more difficult by St. Augustine's free-form style. In the Rootword box, I have given the present active infinitive form of verbs (as is done in Romance-language dictionaries) rather than the first-person singular present indicative active form that Latin dictionaries often use to alphabetize entries. In the Comment box, I have given a relatively full morphological (form) and syntactical (structure) identification, based substantially upon the categories defined in Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges, which is one of the best working grammars of classical Latin and is still available in reprint. S. AVGVSTINI CONFESSIONVM LIBER I I Magnus es, domine, et laudabilis valde: magna virtus tua, et sapientiae tuae non est numerus. et laudare te vult homo, aliqua portio creaturae tuae, et homo circumferens mortalitatem suam, circumferens testimonium peccati sui et testimonium, quia superbis resistis: et tamen laudare te vult homo, aliqua portio creaturae tuae. tu excitas, ut laudare te delectet, quia fecisti nos ad te et inquietum est cor nostrum, donec requiescat in te. da mihi, domine, scire et intellegere, utrum sit prius invocare te an laudare te, et scire te prius sit an invocare te. sed quis te invocat nesciens te? aliud enim pro alio potest invocare nesciens. an potius invocaris, ut sciaris? quomodo autem invocabunt, in quem non crediderunt? aut quomodo credent sine praedicante? et laudabunt dominum qui requirunt eum. quaerentes enim inveniunt eum et invenientes laudabunt eum. quaeram te, domine, invocans te, et invocem te credens in te: praedicatus enim es nobis. invocat te, domine, fides mea, quam dedisti mihi, quam inspirasti mihi per humanitatem filii tui, per ministerium praedicatoris tui. II Et quomodo invocabo deum meum, deum et dominum meum, quoniam utique in me ipsum eum invocabo, cum invocabo eum? et quis locus est in me, quo veniat in me deus meus? quo deus veniat in me, deus, qui fecit caelum et terram? itane, domine deus meus, est quicquam in me, quod capiat te? an vero caelum et terra, quae fecisti et in quibus me fecisti, capiunt te? an quia sine te non esset quidquid est, fit, ut quidquid est capiat te? quoniam itaque et ego sum, quid peto, ut venias in me, qui non essem, nisi esses in me? non enim ego iam in inferis, et tamen etiam ibi es. nam etsi descendero in infernum, ades. non ergo essem, deus meus, non omnino essem, nisi esses in me. an potius non essem, nisi essem in te, ex quo omnia, per quem omnia, in quo omnia? etiam sic, domine, etiam sic. quo te invoco, cum in te sim? aut unde venias in me? quo enim recedam extra caelum et terram, ut inde in me veniat deus meus, qui dixit: caelum et terram ego impleo? III Capiunt ergone te caelum et terra, quoniam tu imples ea? an imples et restat, quoniam non te capiunt? et quo refundis quidquid impleto caelo et terra restat ex te? an non opus habes, ut quoquam continearis, qui contines omnia, quoniam quae imples continendo imples? non enim vasa, quae te plena sunt, stabilem te faciunt, quia etsi frangantur non effunderis. et cum effunderis super nos, non tu iaces, sed erigis nos, nec tu dissiparis, sed colligis nos. sed quae imples omnia, te toto imples omnia. an quia non possunt te totum capere omnia, partem tui capiunt et eandem partem simul omnia capiunt? an singulas singula et maiores maiora, minores minora capiunt? ergo est aliqua pars tua maior, aliqua minor? an ubique totus es et res nulla te totum capit? IV Quid est ergo deus meus? quid, rogo, nisi dominus deus? quis enim dominus praeter dominum? aut quis deus praeter deum nostrum? summe, optime, potentissime, omnipotentissime, misericordissime et iustissime, secretissime et praesentissime, pulcherrime et fortissime, stabilis et inconprehensibilis, inmutabilis, mutans omnia, numquam novus, numquam vetus, innovans omnia; in vetustatem perducens superbos et nesciunt; semper agens, semper quietus, colligens et non egens, portans et implens et protegens, creans et nutriens, perficiens, quaerens, cum nihil desit tibi. amas nec aestuas, zelas et securus es; paenitet te et non doles, irasceris et tranquillus es, opera mutas nec mutas consilium; recipis quod invenis et numquam amisisti; numquam inops et gaudes lucris, numquam avarus et usuras exigis. supererogatur tibi, ut debeas, et quis habet quicquam non tuum? reddens debita nulli debens, donans debita nihil perdens. et quid diximus, deus meus, vita mea, dulcedo mea sancta, aut quid dicit aliquis, cum de te dicit? et vae tacentibus de te, quoniam loquaces muti sunt. V Quis mihi dabit adquiescere in te? quis dabit mihi, ut venias in cor meum et inebries illud, ut obliviscar mala mea et unum bonum meum amplectar, te? quid mihi es? miserere, ut loquar. quid tibi sum ipse, ut amari te iubeas a me et, nisi faciam, irascaris mihi et mineris ingentes miserias? parvane ipsa est, si non amem te? ei mihi! dic mihi per miserationes tuas, domine deus meus, quid sis mihi. dic animae meae: salus tua ego sum. sic dic, ut audiam. ecce aures cordis mei ante te, domine; aperi eas et dic animae meae: salus tua ego sum. curram post vocem hanc et adprehendam te. noli abscondere a me faciem tuam: moriar, ne moriar, ut eam videam. Angusta est domus animae meae, quo venias ad eam: dilatetur abs te. ruinosa est: refice eam. habet quae offendant oculos tuos: fateor et scio. sed quis mundabit eam? aut cui alteri praeter te clamabo: ab occultis meis munda me, domine, et ab alienis parce servo tuo? credo, propter quod et loquor. domine, tu scis. nonne tibi prolocutus sum adversum me delicta mea, deus meus, et tu dimisisti inpietatem cordis mei? non iudicio contendo tecum, qui veritas es; et ego nolo fallere me ipsum, ne mentiatur iniquitas mea sibi. non ergo iudicio contendo tecum, quia, si iniquitates observaveris, domine, domine, quis sustinebit? VI Sed tamen sine me loqui apud misericordiam tuam, me terram et cinerem, sine tamen loqui, quoniam ecce misericordia tua est, non homo, inrisor meus, cui loquor. et tu fortasse inrides me, sed conversus misereberis mei. quid enim est quod volo dicere, domine, nisi quia nescio, unde venerim huc, in istam, dico vitam mortalem, an mortem vitalem? nescio. et susceperunt me consolationes miserationum tuarum, sicut audivi a parentibus carnis meae, ex quo et in qua me formasti in tempore; non enim ego memini. exceperunt ergo me consolationes lactis humani, nec mater mea vel nutrices meae sibi ubera implebant, sed tu mihi per eas dabas alimentum infantiae, secundum institutionem tuam, et divitias usque ad fundum rerum dispositas. tu etiam mihi dabas nolle amplius, quam dabas, et nutrientibus me dare mihi velle quod eis dabas: dare enim mihi per ordinatum affectum volebant quo abundabant ex te. nam bonum erat eis bonum meum ex eis, quod ex eis non, sed per eas erat: ex te quippe bona omnia, deus, et ex deo meo salus mihi universa. quod animadverti postmodum clamante te mihi per haec ipsa, quae tribuis intus et foris. nam tunc sugere noram et adquiescere delectationibus, flere autem offensiones carnis meae, nihil amplius. Post et ridere coepi, dormiens primo, deinde vigilans. hoc enim de me mihi indicatum est et credidi, quoniam sic videmus alios infantes; nam ista mea non memini. et ecce paulatim sentiebam, ubi essem, et voluntates meas volebam ostendere eis, per quos implerentur, et non poteram, quia illae intus erant, foris autem illi, nec ullo suo sensu valebant introire in animam meam. itaque iactabam et membra et voces, signa similia voluntatibus meis, pauca quae poteram, qualia poteram: non enim erant veri similia. et cum mihi non obtemperabatur, vel non intellecto vel ne obesset, indignabar non subditis maioribus, et liberis non servientibus, et me de illis flendo vindicabam. tales esse infantes didici, quos discere potui, et me talem fuisse magis mihi ipsi indicaverunt nescientes quam scientes nutritores mei. Et ecce infantia mea olim mortua est et ego vivo. tu autem, domine, qui et semper vivis et nihil moritur in te, quoniam ante primordia saeculorum et ante omne, quod vel ante dici potest, tu es et deus es dominusque omnium, quae creasti, et apud te rerum omnium instabilium stant causae, et rerum omnium mutabilium inmutabiles manent origines, et omnium inrationalium et temporalium sempiternae vivunt rationes, dic mihi supplici tuo, deus, et misericors misero tuo, dic mihi, utrum alicui iam aetati meae mortuae successerit infantia mea. an illa est, quam egi intra viscera matris meae? nam et de illa mihi nonnihil indicatum est et praegnantes ipse vidi feminas. quid ante hanc etiam, dulcedo mea, deus meus? fuine alicubi aut aliquis? nam quis mihi dicat ista, non habeo; nec pater nec mater potuerunt, nec aliorum experimentum, nec memoria mea. an irrides me ista quaerentem, teque de hoc, quod novi, laudari a me iubes, et confiteri me tibi? confiteor tibi, domine caeli et terrae, laudem dicens tibi de primordiis et infantia mea, quae non memini; et dedisti ea homini ex aliis de se conicere et auctoritatibus etiam muliercularum multa de se credere. eram enim et vivebam etiam tunc, et signa, quibus sensa mea nota aliis facerem, iam in fine infantiae quaerebam. unde hoc tale animal nisi abs te, domine? an quisquam se faciendi erit artifex? aut ulla vena trahitur aliunde, qua esse et vivere currat in nos, praeterquam quod tu facis nos, domine, cui esse et vivere non aliud atque aliud est, quia summe esse atque summe vivere id ipsum est? summus enim es et non mutaris, neque peragitur in te hodiernus dies, et tamen in te peragitur, quia in te sunt et ista omnia: non enim haberent vias transeundi, nisi contineres ea. et quoniam anni tui non deficiunt, anni tui hodiernus dies: et quam multi iam dies nostri et patrum nostrorum per hodiernum tuum transierunt, et ex illo acceperunt modos, et utcumque extiterunt, et transibunt adhuc alii et accipient et utcumque existent. tu autem idem ipse es, et omnia crastina atque ultra omniaque hesterna et retro hodie facies, hodie fecisti. quid ad me, si quis non intellegat? gaudeat et ipse dicens: quid est hoc? gaudeat etiam sic, et amet non inveniendo invenire, potius quam inveniendo non invenire te. TRANSLATION BY WILLIAM WATTS (1631) ST. AUGUSTINE'S CONFESSIONS BOOK I I Great art thou, O Lord, and greatly to be praised: great is thy power, and thy wisdom is infinite. And man, who being a part of what thou hast created, is desirous to praise thee; this man, bearing about his own mortality with him, carrying about him a testimony of his own sin, (even this testimony, that God resisteth the proud;) yet this man, this part of what thou hast created, is desirous to praise thee; thou so provokest him, that he even delighteth to praise thee. For thou hast created us for thyself, and our heart cannot be quieted till it may find repose in thee. Grant me, Lord, to know and understand what I ought first to do, whether call upon thee, or praise thee? and which ought to be first, to know thee, or to call upon thee? But who can rightly call upon thee, that is yet ignorant of thee? for such an one may instead of thee call upon another. Or art thou rather first called upon, that thou mayest so come to be known? But how then shall they call on him, in whom they have not believed? and how shall they believe without a preacher? And again, they shall praise the Lord that seek after him: for, they that seek shall find; and finding they shall praise him. Thee will I seek, O Lord, calling upon thee; and I will call upon thee, believing in thee: for thou hast been declared unto us. My faith, O Lord, calls upon thee, which thou hast given me, which thou hast inspired into me; even by the humanity of thy Son, and by the ministry of thy preacher. II And how shall I call upon my God, my Lord and God? because that when I invoke him, I call him into myself: and what place is there in me fit for my God to come into me by, whither God may come into me; even that God which made heaven and earth? Is it so, my Lord God? Is there anything in me which can contain thee? Nay, can both heaven and earth which thou hast made, and in which thou hast made me, in any wise contain thee? Or else because whatsoever is, could not subsist without thee, must it follow thereupon, that whatsoever hath being, is endued with a capacity of thee? Since therefore I also am, how do I entreat thee to come into me, who could not be, unless thou wert first in me? For I am not after all in hell, and yet thou art there: For if I go down into hell, thou art there also. I should not therefore not be, O God, yea I should have no being at all, unless thou wert in me: or rather, I should not be, unless I had being in thee; of whom, and through whom, and to whom are all things. Even so it is, Lord, even so. Wherefore, then, do I invoke thee, seeing I am already in thee? Or whence canst thou come into me? For whither shall I go, beyond heaven and earth, that from thence my God man come unto me? who hath said, The heaven and earth do I fill. III Do therefore the heaven and earth contain thee, seeing thou fillest them? Or dost thou fill them, and there yet remains and overplus of thee, because they are not able to comprehend thee? If so, into what dost thou pour whatsoever remaineth of thee after heaven and earth are filled? Is it not that thou hast no need to be contained by something, thou who containest all things; seeing that what thou fillest, by containing them thou fillest. For those vessels which are full of thee, add no stability to thee; for were they broken, thou art not shed out: and when thou art shed upon us, thou art not split, but thou raisest us up; nor art thou scattered, but thou gatherest up us: but thou who fillest all, with thy whole self dost thou fill them all. Or because these things cannot contain all of thee, do they receive a part of thee; and do all at once receive the same part of thee? or, several capacities, several parts; and greater things, greater parts; and less, lesser? Is therefore one part of thee greater, or another lesser? Or art thou all everywhere, and nothing contains thee wholly? IV What is therefore my God? What, I ask, but the Lord God? For who is Lord but the Lord? Or who is God besides our God? O thou supreme, most excellent, most mighty, most omnipotent, most merciful and most just; most secret and most present; most beautiful and most strong; constant and incomprehensible; immutable, yet changing all things; never new, and never old; renewing all things, and insensibly bringing proud men into decay; ever active, and ever quiet; gathering together, yet never wanting; upholding, filling, and protecting; creating, nourishing and perfecting all things; still seeking, although thou standest in need of nothing. Thou lovest, yet art not transported; art jealous, but without fear; thou dost repent, but not grieve; art angry, but cool still. Thy works thou changest, but not thy counsel; takest what thou findest, never losest aught. Thou art never needy, yet glad of gain; never covetous, yet exactest advantage. Men pay thee in superabundance of all things, that thou mayest be the debtor: and who hath anything which is not thine? Thou payest debts, yet owest nothing; forgivest debts, yet losest nothing. And shall we say, my God, my Life, my holy Delight: or what can any man say when he speaks of thee? And woe to them that speak nothing in thy praise, seeing those that speak most, are dumb. V Who shall procure for me, that I may repose in thee? Who shall procure thee to enter into my heart; and so to inebriate it, that I may forget my own evils, and embrace thee, my only good? What art thou to me? let me find grace to speak to thee. What am I to thee, that thou shouldest command me to love thee, and be angry with me, yea and threaten me with great mischiefs, unless I do love thee? Is it to be thought a small misery in itself, not to love thee? Woe is me! Answer me for thy mercy's sake, O Lord my God, what thou art unto me: Say unto my soul, I am thy Salvation. Speak it out, that I may hear thee. Behold, the ears of my heart are before thee, O lord, open them, and say unto my soul, I am thy salvation. I will run after that voice, and take hold of thee. Hide not thy face from me: let me die lest I die, that I may see it. My soul's house is too strait for thee to come into: let it be enlarged by thee: 'tis ruinous, but do thou repair it. There be many things in it, I both confess and know, which may offend thine eyes; but who can cleanse it? or to whom but thee shall I cry, Cleanse me, O Lord, from my secret sins, and from strange sins deliver thy servant; I believe, and therefore I do speak. Thou knowest, O Lord, that I have confessed my sins against my own self, O my God; and thou forgavest me the iniquity of my heart. I will not plead with thee, who art Truth: and I will not deceive myself, lest my iniquity be a false witness to itself. I will not therefore plead with thee: for if thou, Lord, shouldest be extreme to mark what is done amiss, O Lord, O Lord, who may abide it? VI Yet, suffer me to plead before thy Mercy, even me, who am but dust and ashes: once again let me speak, seeing 'tis thy mercy to which I address my speech, and not man who is my mocker. Yet even thou perhaps dost smile at me; but turning, thou wilt pity me. What is it that I would say, O Lord my God, but even this: that I know not whence I came hither; into this, a dying life (shall I call it) or a living death rather? I know not. And the comforts of thy mercies did take me up, as I have heard it of the parents of my flesh, out of whom, and in whom thou sometimes did form me, for I myself cannot remember it. The comfort therefore of a woman's milk did then entertain me: yet did neither my mother nor nurses fill their own breasts; but thou, O Lord, didst by them afford a nourishment fit for my infancy, even according to thine own institution, and those riches of thine, reaching to the root of all things. Thou also ingrafedst in me a desire to suck no more than thou suppliedst them withal; and in my nurses to afford me what thou gavest them: for they were willing to dispense unto me with proportion, what thou suppliedst them with in abundance. For it was a blessing to them, that I received this blessing from them: which yet was rather by them, than from them. For all good things proceed from thee, O God, and from my God cometh all my healthfulness. And so much I observed afterwards, when thou didst cry unto me by those instincts of nature which thou induedst me withal, both inwardly and outwardly. For then first I knew how to suck; and to be contented with what did please me, and to cry at what offended my flesh, nothing more. Afterwards I began also to laugh; first sleeping, and then waking: for thus much was told me of myself, and I easily believed it, for that we see other infants do so too. For these things of myself I remember not. And behold, by little and little I came on to perceive where I was; and I had the will to signify what I would have, to those that should help me to it: but I could not yet clearly enough express my desires to them; for these were within me, and they without me; nor could the guess of their senses dive into my meaning. Thereupon would I flutter with my limbs, and sputter out some words, making some other few signs, like to my wishes, as well as I could; but could not get myself to be understood by them: and when people obeyed me not, either for that they understood me not, or lest what I desired should hurt me; then how would I wrangle at those elder servants that would not submit to me, and the children that did not aptly humour me, and I thought to revenge myself upon them all, with crying. And this is, as I have learned, the fashion of all children, that I could hear of: and such an one was I, as those taught me, not knowing, better than my nurses who knew. And now behold, my infancy is dead long ago, yet I live still. But thou, O Lord, who both livest forever, and in whom nothing dies, (because that before the foundations of the world, and before everything else, that can be said to be before, thou art both God and Lord of all which thyself hath created; and in whose presence are the causes of all uncertain things, and the immutable patterns of all things mutable, with whom do live the eternal reasons of all these contingent chance-medleys, for which we can give no reason) tell, I pray thee, O God, unto me thy suppliant: thou who art merciful, tell me who am miserable, did my infancy succeed to any other age of mine that was dead before; or was that it which I past in my mother's belly? for something have I heard of that too, and myself have seen women with child. What passed before that age, O God my delight? Was I anywhere, or anybody? For I have none to tell me thus much: neither could my father and mother, nor the experience of others, nor yet mine own memory. Dost thou laugh at me for inquiring these things, who commandest to praise and to confess to thee for what I know? I confess unto thee, O Lord of heaven and earth, and I sing praises unto thee for my first being and infancy, which I have no memory of: and thou hast given leave to man, by others to conjecture of himself, and upon the credit of women to believe many things that concern himself. For even then I had life and being, and towards the end of mine infancy, I sought for some significations to express my meaning by unto others. Whence could such a living creature come, but from thee, O Lord? Or hath any man the skill to frame himself? Or is any vein of ours, by which being and life runs into us, derived from any original but thy workmanship, O Lord, to whom being and living are not several things, because both to be and to live in the highest degree, is of thy very essence? For thou art the highest, and thou are not changed; neither is this present day spent in thee; yet it is spent in thee, because even all these times are in thee; nor could have their ways of passing on, unless thou containedst them. And because thy years fail not, thy years are but this very day. And how many soever our days and our fathers' days have been, they have all passed through this one day of thine: from that day have they received their measures and manners of being: and those to come shall so also pass away, and so also receive their measures and manners of being. But thou art the same still; and all to-morrows and so forward, and all yesterdays and so backward, thou shalt make present in this day of thine: yea, and hast made present. What concerns it me, if any understand not this? let him rejoice notwithstanding and say: What is this? Let him also rejoice, and rather love to find in not finding it out, than by finding it, not to find thee with it. ================================================================ CONFESSIONS: BOOK I, CHAPTER 13 St. Augustine (A.D. 354-430) was arguably the most influential of the Christian writers in the early centuries of the Church. After a life that he himself confesses was dissolute, he made a drastic conversion to Christianity at the age of 32, influenced by his mother, St. Monica, the preaching of Bishop Ambrose, and a study of the letters of St. Paul. He became bishop of Hippo in North Africa in 395/6 and from that time wrote many religious works that are landmarks of Christian thought to the present day. The "Confessions" is an almost autobiographical work that reveals God's action in man, for which St. Augustine uses the example of his own life. In the following extract, he contrasts the fullness of his classical education to the emptiness of his spiritual life before his conversion. He parallels the wanderings of Aeneas, mythical founder of Rome, to his own spiritual wanderings, and the suicide of Dido, Queen of Carthage, out of love for Aeneas to the great love of God for man that St. Augustine failed to recognize at that time of his life. A literal translation is provided. Quid autem erat causae, cur Graecas litteras oderam, quibus puerulus imbuebar, ne nunc quidem mihi satis exploratum est. Adamaveram enim Latinas, nos quas primi magistri, sed quas docent qui grammatici vocantur. Nam illas primas, ubi legere et scribere et numerare discitur, non minus onerosas poenalesque habebam quam omnes Graecas. Unde tamen et hoc nisi de peccato et vanitate vitae, qua caro eram et spiritus ambulans et non revertens? Nam utique meliores, quia certiores, erant primae illae litterae, quibus fiebat in me et factum est et habeo illud, ut et legam, si quid scriptum invenio, et scribam ipse, si quid volo, quam illae, quibus tenere cogebar Aeneae nescio cuius errores, oblitus errorum meorum, et plorare Didonem mortuam, quia se occidit ab amore, cum interea me ipsum in his a te morientem, Deus, vita mea, siccis oculis ferrem miserrimus. Quid enim miserius misero non miserante se ipsum et flente Didonis mortem, quae fiebat amando Aenean, non flente autem mortem suam, quae fiebat non amando te, Deus, lumen cordis mei et panis oris intus animae meae et virtus maritans mentem meam et sinum cogitationis meae? Literal Translation What the reasons were why I hated Greek literature, with which I was imbued as a little boy, has not even to this day been sufficiently explored by me. For I was very fond of Latin literature, not what the elementary teachers teach, but what the advanced teachers teach. For elementary Latin studies, where one learns to read and write and do arithmetic, I regarded as no less onerous and punishing than all the Greek studies. Yet where did this come from, except from sin and emptiness of life, in which I was flesh and a wind going and not returning? For those early studies were better, because they were more practical: through them it was being brought about and was in fact brought about in me that I possess the ability to read whatever I find written and to write whatever I wish. Those studies were better than the ones where I was forced to memorize the wanderings of some Aeneas, while I had forgotten my own wanderings, and to lament Dido, dead because she killed herself for love, when meanwhile I, a most pitiable man, with dry eyes kept myself amidst these things, dying away from you, God, my life. For what is more pitiable than a pitiable man not taking pity on himself, and lamenting the death of Dido that happened out of her love for Aeneas, but not lamenting his own death that happened out of not loving you, God, the light of my heart and the bread of the mouth of my soul within and the power marrying my mind to the recesses of my thoughts? General Notes Unlike Cicero's soaring periods, the sentence structure is built up clause by clause. Often words from the previous phrase or sentence must be carried forward to complete the sense of a following phrase or sentence. Augustine alludes to the Roman system of education: first, a kind of elementary school taught by "primi magistri," then a kind of secondary school taught by "grammatici." The latter did not teach "grammar" as we think of it, but literature (the Greek "grammata," equivalent to the Latin "litterae," in its plural sense of literature, as in the English phrase "a man of letters." Textual Notes ut et legam: introduces a noun clause of result (substantive consecutive clause), defining "illud." errores: a nice play on the meaning of the Latin word "error (erro)," which literally means "wandering," then, by extension, "sin" (wandering from what is right). nescio cuius: the two words function together, as often in Latin, as an indefinite adjective ("nescio quis"): "some Aeneas or other." errorum meorum: genitive depending on "oblitus," commonly with verbs of remembering or forgetting. ferrem: imperfect subjunctive in the "cum" temporal clause. miserius misero non miserante: a wonderful example of alliteration. Aenean: a Greek accusative. ================================================================ ST. AUGUSTINE ON ST. VALENTINE The Church commemorates on February 14 the martyrdom, about the year 269, of a priest named Valentine, who was buried on the Via Flaminia in Rome and for whom a basilica was erected less than a century after his death. How this saint became associated with romantic love is unknown, though the association can be traced back as far as the Middle-English poet Chaucer (ca. 1340-1400), who suggested that birds pair on that day. Others believe that the association goes farther back, to the early centuries after Christ, as an attempt of the Church to Christianize the Lupercalia, an ancient Roman fertility festival held on February 15. In spite of the secularization of St. Valentine's feast-day into a celebration of romantic love, the Church, in the Divine Office for February 14, mentions nothing even of the theological virtue of love. Instead, using St. Augustine's sermon on St. Valentine (Sermo 44 de Sanctis), it proposes the example of this early martyr to urge upon us the virtue of patience. HOMILIA SANCTI AUGUSTINI EPISCOPI SANCTI VALENTINI PRESBYTERI ET MARTYRIS Triumphalis beati Martyris Valentini dies hodie nobis anniversaria celebritate recurrit; cujus glorificationi sicut congaudet Ecclesia, sic ejus proponit sequenda vestigia. Si enim compatimur, et conglorificabimur. In cujus glorioso agone duo nobis praecipue consideranda sunt: indurata videlicet tortoris saevitia, et Martyris invicta patientia. Saevitia tortoris, ut eam detestemur; patientia Martyris, ut eam imitemur. Audi Psalmistam adversus malitiam increpantem: Noli aemulare in malignantibus, quoniam tamquam foenum velociter arescent. Quod autem adversus malignantes patientia exhibenda sit, audi Apostolum suadentem: Patientia vobis necessaria est, ut reportetis promissiones. Literal Translation HOMILY OF ST. AUGUSTINE SAINT VALENTINE PRIEST AND MARTYR The day of triumph of the blessed Martyr Valentine returns to us today in its yearly celebration. As the Church rejoices in his glorification, so it proposes that his footsteps be followed. For if we suffer together, we shall also be glorified together. In his glorious struggle two things must particularly be considered by us, namely, the brutality of his torture and the undefeated patience of the Martyr: the savageness of his torture, that we may censure it; the patience of the Martyr, that we may imitate it. Heed the Psalmist railing against evilness: "Do not imitate those doing evil, since they quickly dry up like hay." Heed the Apostle urging that patience must be extended to those doing evil: "Patience is necessary for us, that we may earn the promises [of salvation]." ================================================================= A HOMILY ON THE EPIPHANY BY POPE ST. GREGORY THE GREAT Because of the commerical and secular emphasis that modern times place on the weeks before Christmas, we often forget that from the Church's perspective, grounded in very early tradition, the Christmas season starts, not ends, with Christmas Day. The "Twelfth Day of [after] Christmas," January 6, which in early times was a more significant feast than Christmas itself, is known as the Feast of Epiphany, from the Greek word for "manifestation." It is at Epiphany that the Church celebrates the manifestation of Christ's divine nature to the Gentiles as represented by the Magi. In the Office for the Feast of the Epiphany, we read from St. Matthew's Gospel (2:1-12): Cum natus esset Jesus in Bethlehem Juda in diebus Herodis regis, ecce Magi ab Oriente venerunt Jerosolymam, dicentes: "Ubi est qui natus est Rex Judaeorum? Et reliqua. When Jesus had been born in Bethlehem of Juda in the days of Herod the King, behold, Magi came from the East to Jerusalem, saying: "Where is He Who has been born King of the Jews?" Etc. Then follows Gregory the Great's (r. 590-604) homily on the passage, in which he attempts to answer the question why an Angel manifested the Redeemer to the shepherds, but a star performed the same function for the Gentiles. The passage concludes as Gregory, in beatifully figurative language, shows how all the elements of the universe -- sea, earth, sun, stones, and even Hell itself -- recognized the manifestation of their creator. Sicut in lectione evangelica, fratres carissimi, audistis caeli Rege nato, rex terrae turbatus est: quia nimirum terrena altitudo confunditur, cum celsitudo caelestis aperitur. Sed quaerendum nobis est, quidnam sit, quod, Redemptore nato, pastoribus in Judaea Angelus apparuit atque ad adorandum hunc ab Oriente Magos non Angelus, sed stella perduxit. Quia videlicet Judaeis, tamquam ratione utentibus, rationale animal, id est, Angelus praedicare debuit: Gentiles vero, quia uti ratione nesciebant, ad cognoscendum Dominum non per vocem, sed per signa perducuntur.... Et notandum, quod Redemptorem nostrum, cum jam perfectae esset aetatis, eisdem Gentilibus Apostoli praedicant, eumque parvulum, et necdum per humani corporis officium loquentem, stella Gentibus denuntiat: quia nimirum rationis ordo poscebat, ut et loquentem jam Dominum loquentes nobis praedicatores innotescerent, et necdum loquentem elementa muta praedicarent.... Omnia quippe elementa auctorem suum venisse testata sunt. Ut enim de eis quiddam usu humano loquar: Deum hunc caeli esse cognoverunt, quia protinus stellam miserunt. Mare cognovit, quia sub plantis ejus se calcabile praebuit. Terra cognovit, quia eo moriente contremuit. Sol cognovit, quia lucis suae radios abscondit. Saxa et parietes cognoverunt, quia tempore mortis ejus scissa sunt. Infernus agnovit, quia hos, quos tenebat mortuos, reddidit.... Thus in the gospel reading, dearest brothers, you have heard that when the King of Heaven was born, the king of the earth was disturbed, for mere earthly height is surely confounded when heavenly loftiness is revealed. But we must ask why it is that, when the Redeemer was born, an Angel appeared to the shepherds in Judaea, whereas a star, not an Angel, guided the Magi from the East to adore Him. Because, you see, an intelligent being, that is, an Angel, should have proclaimed Him to the Jews, who had understanding; but the Gentiles, because they did not have this understanding, are brought to understand the Lord not by voice, but by signs. We must notice also that the Apostles proclaim to the Gentiles Our Redeemer when His time was fulfilled, but the star announces Him when He was not yet speaking through the faculty of His human body. For surely the order of reason demanded that His proclaimers [the Apostles], who speak to us, should know Him when he was able to speak, but that elements unable to speak [the stars] proclaim Him when He was not yet able to speak.... The elements too testified that their creator had come. For, to speak in a human way about them, they knew that He was the God of Heaven because they straightway sent a star. The sea Him knew because he showed it passable under his feet [by walking on water]. The earth knew Him because it quaked when he died. The sun knew Him because it hid its rays [when he died]. The stones and walls knew Him because they were split at the time of His death. Hell recognized Him because it gave back the dead it was holding.... ================================================================= CARMINA BURANA The mediaeval Latin poetry in the collection known as the Carmina Burana (Poems from Beuron, Bavaria) was composed in the twelfth centry by Goliards, i.e., street poets, who might previously have been monks or students. The poetry is based on the stress accent (not the syllable quantities used by the classical Latin poets) and includes end-rhyme (not found in classical Latin verse). OMNIA SOL TEMPERAT Omnia sol temperat, tempero (1): to rule purus et subtilis, subtilis, -e: fine novo mundo reserat resero (1): to unlock faciem Aprilis, faciem: face (acc. s. fem.) ad amorem properat Aprilis, -is (m): April animus herilis, propero (1): to hasten et iocundis imperat herilis, -e = virilis, -e deus puerilis. iocundus, -a, -um: pleasant puerilis, -e: adj. from puer impero (1): to command (+ dat.) Rerum tanta novitas rerum: things (gen. pl. fem.) in solemni vere tantus, -a, -um: so great et veris auctoritas novitas: noun from novus iubet nos gaudere; ver, veris (n): spring vias prebet solitas, iubeo (2): to bid et in tuo vere gaudeo (2): to rejoice fides est et probitas pr(a)ebeo (2): to offer tuum retinere. solitus, -a, -um: accustomed vias: sc. amoris fides: loyalty probitas, -tatis (f): honesty tuum: sc. amatorem retineo (2): to hold Ama me fideliter, fideliter: adv. from fidelis fidem meam nota noto (1): to observe de corde totaliter cor, cordis (n): heart et ex mente tota. totaliter: adv. from totalis Sum presentialiter presentialiter: present (adv.) absens in remota, remota: sc. via quisquis amat taliter, quisquis: whoever volvitur in rota. taliter: in such a way (adv.) volvitur: is turned rota, -ae (f): wheel (through Wheelock XV) OLIM LACUS COLUERAM Cignus ustus cantat: cignus (cygnus), -i (m): swan Olim lacus colueram, ustus, -a, -um: roasted olim pulcher extiteram, olim: once upon a time dum cignus ego fueram. lacus: lakes (acc. pl. masc.) Miser, miser! colo, colere, colui: to inhabit modo niger exto, extare, extiti: stand out et ustus fortiter! dum: while modus, -i (m): in form (abl.) fortiter: adv. from fortis Girat, regirat garcifer; (re)giro (1): to turn on a spit me rogus urit fortiter; garcifer, -eri (m): chef propinat me nunc dapifer. rogus, -i (m): fire Miser, miser! uro, urere, ussi (3): to burn modo niger dapifer, -is (m): waiter et ustus fortiter! propino (1): to serve Nunc in scutella iaceo, iaceo (2): to lie et volitare nequeo, volitare = volo (1) dentes frendentes video! nequeo = non possum Miser, miser! scutella, -ae (f): platter modo niger frendentes: grinding et ustus fortiter! EGO SUM ABBAS Ego sum abbas Cucaniensis abbas, -atis (m): abbot et consilium meum est Cucaniensis, -e: of Cucany cum bibulis, (imaginary land of idleness) et in secta Decii voluntas consilium, -i (n): council mea est, bibulus, -i (m): drinkers et qui mane me quesierit voluntas, -tatis (f): desire in taberna, secta, -ae (f): sect post vesperam nudus Decius, -ii (m): a drunkard egredietur, qui: who et sic denudatus veste mane: in the morning (adv.) clamabit: qu(a)ero, quaerere, quesi(vi): to seek taberna, -ae (f): tavern vespera, -ae (f): evening egredietur: will go out sic: thus denudatus veste: stripped bare of his clothing clamo (1): to cry out Wafna, wafna! wafna: to arms! (med. German) quid fecisti sors sors, sortis (f): fate turpissima? turpissimus, -a, -um: most cruel Nostre vite gaudia nostre vite = nostrae vitae abstulisti omnia! gaudium: noun from gaudeo aufero, auferre, abstuli: to take away ================================================================= CARMINA BURANA (THE ORFF SELECTION) Carmina Burana "Profane Poetry of Mediaeval Europe" By Anonymous Golardic Poets ------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------- Carmina Burana, "Profane Poetry of Mediaeval Europe" Translated and Presented in Transparent Language --------------------------------------------- ====================================== Carmina Burana: "Profane Poetry of Mediaeval Europe" ====================================== The Carmina Burana represent the poetry of the Goliards, a group of what we might now call "street poets" or "wandering minstrels," writing around the 12th century. Although this was profane, or secular, poetry, the Church had an obvious influence on the structure and language of the poems. Many of the Goliards had once been monks, so church hymns, vocabulary, doctrine, and liturgy are all echoed -- and often satirized -- in their poetry. About 200 of these poems (in Latin, carmina) were collected around the 13th century at the Benedictine monastery of Beuron (in Latin, Burana) and thus came to be identified as the Carmina Burana. Because of the poems' decidedly anti-ecclesiastical nature, they were not published until 1847. It was from this collection that the German composer, Carl Orff (1895-1982), made a selection and set it to music in 1935-36 as Carmina Burana: A Scenic Cantata for Soprano, Tenor, Baritone, Orchestra, and Chorus, already one of the most popular symphonic works. It is Orff's selection that is represented in the Transparent Language version. The Latin of these poems is known as mediaeval Latin. It was a form of vulgar Latin -- "vulgar" in the sense that it was the Latin of the common people (in Latin, vulgus), not the educated or literary Latin used at the height of the classical period (1st century B.C. to 1st century A.D.) Mediaeval Latin was a living language, as it was extensively used at the universities, in the law-courts, in commerce, at the royal courts, and in many other pursuits of daily life in mediaeval times. It was into this form of Latin that St. Jerome (Eusebius Hieronymus, ca. A.D. 348-420) wrote the highly influential "Vulgate" Latin version of the Bible, and it was from this form that the modern Romance languages -- French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, and Spanish -- developed. The verse represented here is not the stately quantitative verse of Vergil and the classical poets, but the accentual and rhymed verse that came to be used primarily after the close of the classical period. It is the same type of verse that is used in many of the Latin hymns of the Church. Although most of the poems in this selection were written in mediaeval Latin, a few phrases, stanzas, or entire poems were written in mediaeval French or German. These are not included in this Transparent Language Latin version, but are indicated in the Latin text by an ellipsis (...). The Interpretive Translation I have used in this Transparent Language version is intended to be as literal and as close to the verse divisions of the original as reasonable English idiom would allow. In this way I hope that the reader will be aided in following the Latin original closely. Of course, no translation can possibly begin to reflect the engagingly jocose -- even slightly ribald -- vocabulary, style, and rhythm of the Latin original. In the Phrase Translation box, I have tried to identify the most basic sentence and phrase structures. In the Rootword box, I have given the present active infinitive form of verbs (as is done in Romance-language dictionaries) rather than the first-person singular present indicative active form that Latin dictionaries often use to alphabetize entries. In the Comment box, I have given a relatively full morphological (form) and syntactical (structure) identification, based substantially upon the categories defined in Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges, which is one of the best working grammars of classical Latin and is still available in reprint. FORTUNA IMPERATRIX MUNDI 1. O Fortuna velut luna statu variabilis, semper crescis aut decrescis; vita detestabilis nunc obdurat et tunc curat ludo mentis aciem; egestatem, potestatem dissolvit ut glaciem. Sors immanis, et inanis rota tu volubilis, status malus, vana salus semper dissolubilis, obumbrata et velata michi quoque niteris; nunc per ludum dorsum nudum fero tui sceleris. Sors salutis et virtutis michi nunc contraria; est affectus et defectus semper in angaria. Hac in hora sine mora corde pulsum tangite; quod per sortem sternit fortem mecum omnes plangite. 2. Fortune plango vulnera stillantibus ocellis, quod sua michi munera subtrahit rebellis. Verum est, quod legitur, fronte capillata, sed plerumque sequitur Occasio calvata. In Fortune solio sederam elatus, prosperitatis vario flore coronatus; quisquid tamen florui felix et beatus, nunc a summo corrui gloria privatus. Fortune rota volvitur; descendo minoratus; alter in altum tollitur; nimis exaltatus rex sedet in vertice-- caveat ruinam! nam sub axe legimus Hecubam reginam. I. PRIMO VERE 3. Veris leta facies mundo propinatur, hiemalis acies victa iam fugatur, in vestitu vario Flora principatur, nemorum dulcisono que cantu celebratur. Flore fusus gremio Phebus novo more risum dat, hoc vario iam stipatur flore. Zephyrus nectareo spirans in odore. Certatim pro bravio curramus in amore. Cytharizat cantico dulcis philomena, flore rident vario prata iam serena, salit cetus avium silve per amena, chorus promit virginum iam gaudia millena. 4. Omnia sol temperat, purus et subtilis, novo mundo reserat faciem Aprilis, ad amorem properat animus herilis, et iocundis imperat deus puerilis. Rerum tanta novitas in solemni vere et veris auctoritas iubet nos gaudere; vias prebet solitas, et in tuo vere fides est et probitas tuum retinere. Ama me fideliter, fidem meam nota de corde totaliter et ex mente tota. Sum presentaliter absens in remota, quisquis amat taliter, volvitur in rota. 5. Ecce gratum et optatum ver reducit gaudia, purpuratum floret pratum, sol serenat omnia. Iamiam cedant tristia! Estas redit, nunc recedit hyemis sevitia. Iam liquescit et decrescit grando, nix et cetera; bruma fugit, et iam sugit, ver estatis ubera; illi mens est misera, qui nec vivit, nec lascivit sub estatis dextera. Gloriantur et letantur in melle dulcedinis, qui conantur ut utantur premio Cupidinis; simus iussu Cypridis gloriantes et letantes pares esse Paridis. 6. +. [non-Latin section] 7. Floret silva nobilis floribus et foliis. Ubi est antiquus meus amicus? Hinc equitavit, eia, quis me amabit? Floret silva undique, +. 8. +. 9. +. 10. +. II. IN TABERNA. 11. Estuans interius ira vehementi in amaritudine loquor mee menti: factus de materia, cinis elementi, similis sum folio, de quo ludunt venti. Cum sit enim proprium viro sapienti supra petram ponere sedem fundamenti, stultus ego comparor fluvio labenti, sub eodem tramite nunquam permanenti. Feror ego veluti sine nauta navis, ut per vias aeris vaga fertur avis; non me tenent vincula, non me tenet clavis, quero mihi similes et adiungor pravis. Mihi cordis gravitas res videtur gravis; iocus est amabilis dulciorque favis; quicquid Venus imperat, labor est suavis, que nunquam in cordibus habitat ignavis. Via lata gradior more iuventutis, inplicor et vitiis immemor virtutis; voluptatis avidus magis quam salutis, mortuus in anima curam gero cutis. 12. Cignus ustus cantat: Olim lacus colueram, olim pulcher extiteram, dum cignus ego fueram. Miser, miser! modo niger et ustus fortiter! Girat, regirat garcifer; me rogus urit fortiter; propinat me nunc dapifer. Miser, miser! modo niger et ustus fortiter! Nunc in scutella iaceo, et volitare nequeo, dentes frendentes video! Miser, miser! modo niger et ustus fortiter! 13. Ego sum abbas Cucaniensis et consilium meum est cum bibulis, et in secta Decii voluntas mea est, et qui mane me quesierit in taberna, post vesperam nudus egredietur, et sic denudatus veste clamabit: Wafna, wafna! quid fecisti sors turpissima? Nostre vite gaudia abstulisti omnia! 14. In taberna quando sumus, non curamus quid sit humus, sed ad ludum properamus, cui semper insudamus. Quid agatur in taberna, ubi nummus est pincerna, hoc est opus ut queratur, si quid loquar, audiatur. Quidam ludunt, quidam bibunt, quidam indiscrete vivunt. Sed in ludo qui morantur, ex his quidam denudantur, quidam ibi vestiuntur, quidam saccis induuntur. Ibi nullus timet mortem, sed pro Baccho mittunt sortem: Primo pro nummata vini, ex hac bibunt libertini; semel bibunt pro captivis, post hec bibunt ter pro vivis quater pro Christianis cunctis, quinquies pro fidelibus defunctis, sexies pro sororibus vanis, septies pro militibus silvanis. Octies pro fratribus perversis, nonies pro monachis dispersis, decies pro navigantibus, undecies pro discordantibus, duodecies pro penitentibus, tredecies pro iter agentibus. Tam pro papa quam pro rege bibunt omnes sine lege. Bibit hera, bibit herus, bibit miles, bibit clerus, bibit ille, bibit illa bibit servus cum ancilla. Bibit velox, bibit piger, bibit albus, bibit niger, bibit constans, bibit vagus, bibit rudus, bibit magus. Bibit pauper et egrotus, bibit exul et ignotus, bibit puer, bibit canus, bibit presul et decanus, bibit soror, bibit frater, bibit anus, bibit mater, bibit ista, bibit ille, bibunt centum, bibunt mille. Parum sexcente nummate durant, cum immoderate bibunt omnes sine meta. Quamvis bibant mente leta, sic nos rodunt omnes gentes et sic erimus egentes. Qui nos rodunt confundantur et cum iustis non scribantur. III. +. 15. Amor volat undique, captus est libidine. Iuvenes, iuvencule coniunguntur merito. Siqua sine socio, caret omni gaudio; tenet noctis infima sub intimo cordis in custodia: fit res amarissima. 16. Dies, nox et omnia michi sunt contraria, virginum colloquia +. O sodales, ludite, vos qui scitis, dicite, michi mesto parcite, +, attamen consulite +. Tua pulchra facies, +, pectus habet glacies; +, statim vivus fierem +. 17. Stetit puella rufa tunica; si quis eam tetigit, tunica crepuit. Eia. Stetit puella, tamquam rosula, facie splenduit, os eius floruit. Eia. 18. Circa mea pectora multa sunt suspiria de tua pulchritudine, que me ledunt misere. +. Tui lucent oculi sicut solis radii sicut splendor fulguris lucem donat tenebris. +. Vellet deus, vellent dii, quod mente proposui: ut eius virginea reserassem vincula. +. 19. Si puer cum puellula moraretur in cellula, felix coniunctio. Amore suscrescente, pariter e medio propulso procul tedio, fit ludus ineffabilis membris, lacertis, labiis. 20. Veni, veni, venias, ne me mori facias, +. Pulchra tibi facies, oculorum acies, capillorum series, o quam clara species! Rosa rubicundior, lilio candidior, omnibus formosior, semper in te glorior! 21. In trutina mentis dubia fluctuant contraria lascivus amor et pudicitia. Sed eligo quod video, collum iugo prebeo; ad iugum tamen suave transeo. 22. Tempus est iocundum, o virgines, modo congaudete vos iuvenes. Oh, oh, oh, totus floreo, iam amore virginali totus ardeo, novus, novus amor est, quo pereo. Mea me confortat promissio, mea me deportat negatio. Oh, oh, oh, totus floreo, iam amore virginali totus ardeo, novus, novus amor est, quo pereo. Tempore brumali vir patiens, animo vernali lasciviens. Oh, oh, oh, totus floreo, iam amore virginali totus ardeo, novus, novus amor est, quo pereo. Mea mecum ludit virginitas, mea me detrudit simplicitas. Oh, oh, oh, totus floreo, iam amore virginali totus ardeo, novus, novus amor est, quo pereo. Veni, domicella, cum gaudio, veni, veni, pulchra, iam pereo. Oh, oh, oh, totus floreo, iam amore virginali totus ardeo, novus, novus amor est, quo pereo. 23. Dulcissime, totam tibi subdo me! 24. Ave formosissima, gemma pretiosa, ave decus virginum, virgo gloriosa, ave mundi luminar, ave mundi rosa, Blanziflor et Helena, Venus generosa! ----------------------------------------------------------------- FORTUNE, EMPRESS OF THE WORLD 1. O Fortune, like the moon variable in state, you always wax or wane; detestable life now hardens and then ministers its power by a game of the mind; poverty, prosperity it dissolves like ice. Chance, savage and empty, you spinning wheel, evil state, empty prosperity, always dissolvable, covered up and veiled, you will attack me also; now through the game of your misfortune I betake my bare back. Chance of health and strength, you are now opposed to me; your presence and absence are always in my tribulation. In this hour without delay touch the beat in my heart; that through chance fortune conquers the brave, let everyone lament with me. 2. I lament the wounds of Fortune with dripping eyes, that, always making war, she withdraws her gifts from me. It is true, what is read: Opportunity is long-haired on the forehead, but follows mostly bald. On the throne of Fortune I had sat lofty, crowned with the colorful flower of prosperity; yet in whatever I flourished, happy and fortunate, now from the summit I tumbled, deprived of glory. The wheel of Fortune turns; I fall diminished; another is borne off to the deep; too exalted, the king sits on the peak-- let him beware of ruin! For under the axle we read of Hecuba the queen. I. IN THE BEGINNING OF SPRING 3. The happy face of spring is toasted by the world; the conquered bitterness of winter is now put to flight; in colorful clothing Flora reigns and is celebrated in the sweet-sounding song of the woods. Stretched out in the lap of Flora, Phoebus with a new custom issues laughter; with this colorful flower he is now surrounded. Zephyrus is present blowing with fragrant scent. In rivalry for the prize, let us race in love. The sweet nightingale sings with a song; with colorful flower the serene fields laugh; a flock of birds leap through the pleasantness of the forest; a chorus of maidens utters now thousands of joys. 4. The sun rules all things, pure and delicate; he unlocks with a new world the face of April; man's heart hastens to love and the boyish god governs congenial men. So great a newness of things in festive spring and the power of spring bids us to rejoice; it offers the accustomed ways, and in your springtime there is enough trust and virtue for you to keep your beloved. Love me faithfully, mark my faithfulness totally from my heart and from my whole mind. I am present though absent on a far-off journey; whoever loves in such a way turns on the wheel. 5. Behold, welcome and hoped-for spring brings back joys; the purple field blooms; the sun brightens everything. Let sad things now withdraw! Summer returns; the harshness of winter now retires. Hail, snow, and the rest now melt and decrease; winter flees, and spring now sucks at summer's breasts; Unhappy is the mind of him who neither lives nor frolics under the pledge of summer. Those who try to use the prize of Cupid glory and rejoice in the honey of sweetness; Let us be, at Venus' command, glorying and rejoicing to be the equals of Paris. 6. +. 7. The fine forest blooms with flowers and leaves. Where is my old friend? He has ridden off from here; alas, who will love me? The forest blooms everywhere. +. 8. +. 9. +. 10. +. II. IN THE TAVERN. 11. Burning inwardly with mighty anger, in my bitterness I speak to my own mind: made of matter, ash of the element, I am like a leaf with which the winds play. For although it is right for a wise man to place upon rock the site of his foundation, I, foolish, am like a gliding river, never remaining along the same course. I am borne like a ship without a sailor, just as through the paths of the air a roaming bird is carried; chains do not hold me; a key does not hold me; I seek those like myself, and I am joined with depraved men. The heaviness of my heart seems a weighty matter; sporting is pleasant and sweeter than honeycombs; whatever Venus commands, the work is pleasant; and she never dwells in lazy hearts. On a broad road I wander in the fashion of youth; and I am entwined in vices, unmindful of virtue; greedy for pleasure more than for health, dead in spirit, I take care of my own skin. 12. The roasted swan sings: Once I had inhabited the lakes; once I had appeared beautiful, when I had been a swan. Wretched, wretched! Now black and roasted fiercely! The cook turns and re-turns me; my funeral pyre burns me fiercely; now the serving boy serves me. Wretched, wretched! Now black and roasted fiercely! Now I lie on a serving dish, and I cannot fly; I see grinding teeth. Wretched, wretched! Now black and roasted fiercely! 13. I am the abbot of Cucany, and my deliberation is with drinkers, and my desire is to be in the school of Decius, and whoever shall have sought me in the morning in the tavern, after evening will go out naked, and thus stripped of his clothes, he will cry: Wafna, wafna! What have you done, vilest fate? All the joys of our life you have taken away! 14. When we are in the tavern, we do not care what the grave may be, but we hurry to gambling, over which we always sweat. What goes on in the tavern, where money is the butler, there is need to ask; if I should say anything, let it be heard. Some gamble, some drink, some live shamelessly. But those who loiter in gambling, of these some are naked, some are clothed there, some are covered with rags. There nobody fears death, but they cast lots for Bacchus: Once for a pennyworth of wine, from which the libertines drink, once again they drink for captives, after these, three times for the living, four times for all Christians, five times for the faithful departed, six times for the idle sisters, seven times for the forest outlaws. Eight times for erring brothers, nine times for scattered monks, ten times for those sailing, eleven times for those mutinying, twelve times for those repenting, thirteen times for those making a journey. So for the pope as for the king, everyone drinks without limit. The mistress drinks, the master drinks, the soldier drinks, the cleric drinks, this man drinks, that woman drinks, the man-servant drinks, the maid-servant drinks, the swift man drinks, the lazy man drinks, the white man drinks, the black man drinks, the settled man drinks, the roaming man drinks, the illiterate man drinks, the scholar drinks. The poor man drinks, and the sick man, the exile drinks, and the unknown man, the boy drinks, the white-haired man drinks, the bishop drinks, and the deacon, the sister drinks, the brother drinks, the old woman drinks, the mother drinks, this woman drinks, that man drinks, a hundred drink, a thousand drink. Six hundred pence hardly last, when immoderately all drink without limit. Although they drink with happy mind, they complain so about all peoples, and so poor we shall be. Let those who complain about us be confounded, and let them not be enrolled with the just. III. +. 15. Love flies everywhere; he is seized by desire. Young boys, young girls, are rightly joined. If any girl is without a lover, she misses every joy; she keeps the lowness of the night in the inside in the custody of her heart. It is the bitterest thing. 16. Day, night and all things are against me; the conversations of maidens +. O companions, play; you who know, speak; spare unhappy me; +, but nevertheless advise me +. Your beautiful face, +, your breast has ice; +, I would at once be made alive +. 17. A girl stood in a red tunic; if anyone touched it, the tunic rustled. Eia! A girl stood like a rosebud; she was bright of face; her mouth was in flower. Eia! 18. Around my heart there are many sighs about your beauty, which wounds me pitifully. +. Your eyes shine as the rays of the sun, as the splendor of lightning gives light in darkness. +. May God grant, may the gods grant what I have planned in my mind: that her virginal bonds I may keep. +. 19. If a boy with a little girl should tarry in a little room, happy would be their union. With their love increasing, equally from their midst with weariness driven far away, an indescribable pleasure comes about in their limbs, their arms, their lips. 20. Come, come, may you come, let you not make me die, +. Your beautiful face, the glance from your eyes, the braiding of your hair, o how lovely a sight! Redder than a rose, whiter than a lily, more beautiful than anything, I always glory in you! 21. In the uncertain balance of my mind opposites waver, wanton love and modesty. But I choose what I see; I offer my neck to the yoke; but to a sweet yoke I submit. 22. The time is joyful, o maidens; rejoice now, you young men. Oh, oh, oh, I totally bloom; now for love of a girl I totally burn; a new, a new love it is for which I die. My promise delights me; my refusal grieves me. Oh, oh, oh, I totally bloom; now for love of a girl I totally burn; a new, a new love it is for which I die. In winter time man is patient; in the spring spirit he is desirous. Oh, oh, oh, I totally bloom; now for love of a girl I totally burn; a new, a new love it is for which I die. My virginity teases me; my innocence drives me away. Oh, oh, oh, I totally bloom; now for love of a girl I totally burn; a new, a new love it is for which I die. Come, little mistress, with joy; come, come, pretty one; now I am perishing. Oh, oh, oh, I totally bloom; now for love of a girl I totally burn; a new, a new love it is for which I die. 23. Sweetest one, I yield myself totally to you. 24. Hail, most beautiful, precious jewel; hail, pride of maidens, glorious maiden; hail, light of the world; hail, rose of the world, Blanchefleur and Helen, noble Venus. ================================================================ ST. THOMAS AQUINAS' "ADORO TE, DEVOTE" The Latin text of this famous eucharistic hymn by St. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) is given with a literal prose translation. The beauty of the Latin verse is truly untranslatable. Adoro te devote, latens deitas, I adore Thee devotedly, God lying hidden, quae sub his figuris vere latitas; Who under these symbols truly does reside; tibi se cor meum totum subicit, To Thee my heart subjects itself totally, quia te contemplans totum deficit. Because in contemplating Thee, it dissolves totally. Visus, gustus, tactus in te fallitur; Sight, taste, touch are deceived in Thee; sed solus auditus tute creditur. But hearing alone is safely believed. credo quicquid dixit Dei filius; I believe whatever the Son of God has said; nihil veritatis verbo verius. Nothing is truer than the Word of Truth. In cruce latebat sola deitas; On the cross the Only God lay hidden; sed hic latet simul et humanitas. But here His humanity too lies hidden. ambo tamen credens atque confitens, Yet believing and acknowledging both, peto quod petivit latro poenitens. I ask what the penitent thief asked. Plagas sicut Thomas, non intueor; The wounds I do not inspect, as Thomas did; meum tamen Deum te confiteor. Yet I acknowledge Thee as my God. fac me tibi semper magis credere, Make me believe in Thee always more, in te spem habere, te diligere. To have hope in Thee, to love Thee. O memoriale mortis Domini, O remembrance of the death of Our Lord, panis veram vitam praestans homini, Bread granting true life to man, praesta meae menti de te vivere, Grant my mind to live by Thee, et te illi semper dulce sapere. And to taste Thee always sweetly. Pie pelicane, Iesu Domine, Merciful pelican, Lord Jesus, me immundum munda tuo sanguine, Clean me who am unclean with Your blood, cuius una stilla salvum facere One drop of which could make totum mundum posset omni scelere. The whole world saved from every sin. Iesu, quem velatum nunc aspicio, Jesus, Whom I now behold veiled, quando fiet illud quod tam cupio, When will happen that which I so desire, ut te revelata cernens facie That seeing Thee with Thy face revealed visu sim beatus tuae gloriae? I may be blessed with the sight of Thy glory? Amen. Amen. NOTES ON THE TEXT. Oxford Book of Mediaeval Latin Verse, Newly Selected and Edited by F.J.E. Raby (Oxford: Clarendon Press, corrected 1966), #265, p. 403. Ed. A. Wilmart, "La Tradition litteraire et textuelle de l' 'Adoro te devote,' Auteurs Spirituels et textes devots du moyen age latin," Paris 1932, pp. 361 sqq. For the reasons for assigning this poem to St. Thomas, Raby, "The date and authorship of the poem 'Adoro te devote,'" Speculum, xx (1945), pp. 236 sqq. ================================================================= THOMAS A KEMPIS' "DE IMITATIONE CHRISTI" "ORATIO PRO BENEPLACITO DEI PERFICIENDO" Thomas a Kempis was born at Kempen, Germany, ca. 1380, and died near Zwolle, Holland, 1471. He was educated at Deventer, Holland, entered the Canons Regular of Mount St. Agnes at Windersheim, was ordained priest in 1413, and was appointed subprior. In addition to "De Imitatione Christi," he wrote other spiritual treatises of wider application, prayers, and Latin hymns. This devotional work was published anonymously in 1418. Its authorship, once in dispute, is now attributed to Thomas a Kempis, whose autographed manuscript of the work appeared in 1441. It is a series of counsels of perfection written in Latin in a familiar style and divided into four books. It aims to instruct the soul in Christian perfection and, next to the Bible, is perhaps the most widely read spiritual book in the world, from the middle ages to the present day. This extract from book III, chapter xv, is accompanied by a literal translation. 1. Concede mihi, benignissime Iesu, Allow me, kindest Jesus, Your grace, gratiam tuam, "ut mecum sit et mecum "that it may be with me and work laboret" (Sap. 9,10): mecumque usque with me" (Sap. 9,10): and remain usque in finem perseveret. with me to the end. 2. Da mihi hoc semper desiderare et Grant me always that I may desire and velle: quod tibi magis acceptum est et want this: what is more acceptable carius placet. to You and pleases You more worthily. 3. Tua voluntas mea sit: et mea May Your will be my own, and may my voluntas tuam semper sequatur et will always follow Yours and accord optime mei concordet. with it to the highest degree. 4. Sit mihi unum velle et unum nolle May I want the same thing You want tecum; nec aliud posse velle aut and reject the same thing You reject; nolle: nisi quod vis aut nolis. may I not have the ability to want or reject anything except what You want or reject. 5. Da mihi omnibus mori quae in mundo Grant me to die to everything that is sunt: et propter te amare contemni et in the world and, because of You, to nesciri in hoc saeculo. love being despised and unknown in this world. 6. Da mihi super omnia desiderata in Grant me above all desires to rest in te quiescere: et cor meum in te You and to quiet my heart in You. pacificare. 7. Tu vera pax cordis, tu sola requies: You are the true peace of the heart, extra te omnia sunt dura et inquieta. You are the only rest: outside of You everything is harsh and restless. 8. "In" hac "pace, in idipsum:" hoc "In this peace at the same time," est in te uno summo aeterno bono, that is in You, the one highest "dormiam et requiescam" (Psalm 4,9). eternal good, "may I sleep and take my rest" (Psalm 4,9). Amen. Amen. NOTES ON THE TEXT. Thomae a Kempis "De Imitatione Christi Libri Quattuor, Editio ad Codicem Autographicum Exacta" (Rome: Polygot Press, 1925). See Scully, "Life of the Venerable Thomas a Kempis" (London, 1901). ================================================================= A MEDIAEVAL LATIN HYMN HOMINIS SUPERNE CONDITOR This hymn, thought to be composed in the sixth century, is recited at Vespers on the sixth day of the week (Friday), the same day of creation on which "fecit Deus bestias terrae iuxta species suas, et iumenta, et omne reptile terrae in genere suo [God made the beasts of the earth according to their species and the cattle and everything that creeps upon the ground according to its species]" (Gen. 1:25). God is addressed as the Creator of all living creatures, which He subordinated to man, and is appealled to, to grant the peace that should naturally follow from the order of His creation. A literal prose translation of the Latin verse is given here. Hominis superne Conditor Heavenly Creator of man, Qui cuncta solus ordinans Who alone ordering all things, Humum jubes producere Commanded the dust to produce Reptantis et ferae genus. Species of crawling and wild animals; Et magna rerum corpora And the great living bodies of creatures, Dictu jubentis vivida By your word of commandment, Per temporum certas vices Through the regular turns of the seasons Obtemperare servulis. To submit to us, your servants. Repelle quod cupidinis Thrust back whatever, by the beckoning Ciente vi nos impetit Force of desire, attacks us Aut moribus se suggerit Or insinuates itself into our habits Aut actibus se interserit. Or sews itself into our actions. Da gaudiorum praemia Grant us the rewards of your joys; Da gratiarum munera Grant us the gifts of your graces; Dissolve litis vincula Break the chains of contention; Astringe pacis foedera. Tighten the bonds of peace. Praesta, Pater piissime, Bestow this, most merciful Father Patrique compar Unice And Only-Begotten equal to the Father, Cum Spritu Paraclito With the Comforter Spirit Regnans per omne saeculum. Ruling through every age. Amen. Amen. ================================================================= A MEDIAEVAL LATIN HYMN CHRISTE, REDEMPTOR OMNIUM This well-known hymn sung at Vespers on Christmas Day is given here in the text used before Urban VIII in 1632 revised the hymnal to the standards of the Humanists, who wanted their hymns composed according to the forms and meters of classical Latin, in place of the pleasantly rhythmical poetry of the Middle Ages. Christe, redemptor omnium, Ex Patre, Patris Unice, Solus ante principium Natus ineffabiliter. Tu lumen, tu splendor Patris, Tu spes perennis omnium, Intende quas fundant preces Tui per orbem servuli. Salutis auctor, recole Quod nostri quondam corporis Ex illibata Virgine Nascendo, formam sumpseris. Hic praesens testatur dies, Currens per anni circulum, Quod solus a sede Patris Mundi salus adveneris. Hunc caelum, terra, hunc mare Hunc omne quod in eis est, Auctorem adventus tui Laudat exsulatans cantico. Nos quoque, qui sancto tuo Redempti sumus sanguine, Ob diem natalis tui Hymnum novum concinimus. Iesu, tibi sit gloria Qui natus es de Virgine Cum Patre et almo Spiritu In sempiterna saecula. Amen. Christ, Redeemer of all mankind, From the Father and Only-Begotten of the Father, Separate before the beginning of time, Born in a way unexpressible. You, the light, the splendor of the Father, You, the eternal hope of all mankind, Hear the prayers that your servants Throughout the world pour forth. Author of salvation, recall That You once assumed The form of our body by being born Of the unblemished Virgin. This present day bears witness, Running through the year's cycle, That You alone from the seat of the Father Have come as the salvation of the world. Him the heavens, Him the earth, Him the sea And everything that is in them Praise as the author of Your coming, Rejoicing in song. We too, who have been redeemed By Your holy blood, Sing together a new hymn For the day of Your birth. Jesus, to You be glory, Who were born of the Virgin, With the Father and the nourishing Spirit, for the ages of the ages. Amen. Textual Notes recole: in its figurative sense of "recall," taking the standard Vulgate construction of a substantive clause introduced by "quod," "quia," or "quoniam" instead of the classical accusative-infinitive form. There is a sense here of the literal sense of "recultivate" ("re" + "colo") or "revisit," picked up by "currens per anni circulum" in the next stanza. ================================================================= A MEDIAEVAL LATIN HYMN O ROMA NOBILIS This Christian panegyric of Rome, considered as of north Italian origin, shows how rhythmical and rhymed poetry was being developed about the end of the ninth century. It was a fertile subject for musical settings. The precise nature of the rhythm has been much debated. It is accentual, rather than quantitative like most classical Latin poetry, and is roughly dactylic. The whole is beautifully balanced throughout. In the first stanza the red blood of the martyrs is set against the white lily symbolic of the holy virgins. In the second and third stanzas, Saints Peter and Paul are paired, as so often they are in the tradition of the Church -- Saint Peter, bearing the keys to the kingdom of heaven and judging the world with the authority of Christ Himself; Saint Paul, zealous and wise teacher of true doctrine. (F.J.A. Raby, "Oxford Book of Mediaeval Latin Verse," #101.) O Roma nobilis, orbis et domina cunctarum urbium excellentissima, roseo martyrum sanguine rubea, albis et virginum liliis candida; salutem dicimus tibi per omnia, te benedicimus -- salve per saecula! Petre, tu praepotens caelorum claviger, vota precantium exaudi iugiter. cum bis sex tribuum sederis arbiter, factus placabilis iudica leniter, teque precantibus nunc temporaliter ferto suffragia misericorditer. O Paule, suscipe nostra precamina, cuius philosophos vicit industria; factus oeconomus in domo regia, divini muneris appone fercula; ut quae repleverit te sapientia ipsa nos repleat tua per dogmata. O noble Rome, mistress of the world and most excellent of all cities, red with the rosy blood of martyrs, and bright with the white lilies of virgins; we give you greeting, we bless you -- hail through all the ages! Peter, you mighty bearer of the keys to heaven, hear the prayers of those constantly invoking you. When you are seated as judge of the twice six tribes, being appeased, judge gently, and to those invoking you now in this world, render judgments with mercy. O Paul, receive our prayers, who by your zeal conquered the philosophers; being frugal in the royal palace, serve dishes of your divine gifts, that the wisdom which has filled you, may itself fill us through your teachings.